Daily service dishes in the cemetery of Sadmant al-Jabal
Ahmed Galal
Abdel Fattah
Director General of Excavations at the Antiquities of Beni Suef (Egypt)
author
text
article
2010
ara
Sadmant Al-Jabal is located to the far northwest of Beni Suef Governorate, Al-Louhah. To the west of the longitude 30.55 and to the south of the latitude 29.10. The topography of the site in general represents a natural barrier in the form of a tail extending from the Western Desert in the south and southwest of Sadmant, (Plate 3). This barrier or tail separates the agricultural lands located within the two affiliated villages of Sadmant al-Jabal and Mayana. Administratively for the center of Ahnasia Al-Madina in Beni Suef and between the agricultural lands located to the west of Mount Sadmant and belonging to the villages of Qasr Al-Basel, and Al-Gharqa, belonging to the center of Itsa in Fayoum, the painting. Mount Sadmant was known as a barren mountain of stone in the form of a narrow neck extending from the Western Desert and separating the Fayoum depression from the Nile Valley, while the Sadmant cemetery occupied a large area of a barren desert area extending from the village of Sadmant in the north to the village of Mayana in the south. The state carried out large-scale reclamation and agricultural projects to meet the country’s need to increase the agricultural area through the reclamation of mountainous lands throughout Egypt. The Sadmant area was included in the state’s plan, and after the excavations were completed in the period from 1997/88 AD, canals and drains were built and some roads were constructed. The reclamation and cultivation of desert lands, the desolate mountain turned into agricultural lands, and new communities were established in an area that was cemeteries for the dead of all ages.
Maǧallaẗ Al-Itiḥād Al-ʿām Lil Aṯārīyin Al-ʿarab
General Union of Arab Archeologists & Federation of Arab University in Cooperation with The Egyptian Knowledge Bank (EKB).
2536-9822
11
v.
1
no.
2010
1
17
https://jguaa.journals.ekb.eg/article_2694_9a9e00f27db2364d30bea0d681d7425f.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/jguaa.2010.2694
A study of the most important aspects and mechanics of damage to some architectural and decorative elements in Ahmed Al-Bajm Mosque (692 AH / 1231 AD) Abyar - Gharbia Governorate - Egypt
Hamdan Rabie
Attia
Department of Antiquities Restoration, Faculty of Archeology, Fayoum University (Egypt)
author
Muhammad Kamal
Khalaf
Restoration Department, Faculty of Archeology, Fayoum University. (Egypt)
author
text
article
2010
ara
This research aims to study the most important types of deterioration and their deterioration mechanism of the architectural and decorative elements of the mosque Ahmed Al bajm (692 AH / 1231) in the village of Abyaar, Kafr El-Zayat, Al garbih governorate, Egypt. This research depends on the field and visual observation, climatic data, in addition to study of the mineralogical composition of the building materials (El Mangor brick, marble, granite, mortar and pointing) used in the architectural and decorative elements by polarizing and scanning electron microscopes, X-ray diffraction and chemical analysis. Also the physical and mechanical properties of El Mangor brick are studied. The results of this study showed that El Mangor Brick of Ahmed Abajm mosque is a weak Brick, where its uniaxial compression strength arrived to 4. 2 MPa and tensile strength is less than 1 MPa (5,8 kg/cm2). in addition to many types of deterioration such as: Efflorescence of sodium chloride outside the walls of El Mangor brick and the Granite and marble columns, micro and macro-cracks in the marble columns, exfoliation in granite columns, due to the exposed of the architectural and decorative elements of the mosque Ahmed Al bajm to the physical, physiochemical and chemical weathering, in addition to the false restoration
Maǧallaẗ Al-Itiḥād Al-ʿām Lil Aṯārīyin Al-ʿarab
General Union of Arab Archeologists & Federation of Arab University in Cooperation with The Egyptian Knowledge Bank (EKB).
2536-9822
11
v.
1
no.
2010
18
37
https://jguaa.journals.ekb.eg/article_2695_f07c710e15e5a6fa3c5035d2c59327b7.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/jguaa.2000.2695
Spotlight on the nw Imn title in the era of the New Kingdom
Khaled Ahmed
Hamza
Faculty of Arts, Department of History, Menoufia University (Egypt)
author
text
article
2010
ara
The administrative system in the era of the modern state started new, and it differed from the administrative system in the era of the old and middle states, although many titles and positions remained in this era, but the basic rules of government have changed with the emergence of the role of priestly institutions along with administrations Civil society, and their functions overlapped so that it became difficult to differentiate or find a separation between the two institutions.
Maǧallaẗ Al-Itiḥād Al-ʿām Lil Aṯārīyin Al-ʿarab
General Union of Arab Archeologists & Federation of Arab University in Cooperation with The Egyptian Knowledge Bank (EKB).
2536-9822
11
v.
1
no.
2010
38
53
https://jguaa.journals.ekb.eg/article_2696_7e5e7c7b9170ee2d2e4e31dee3f7ffcf.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/jguaa.2010.2696
Civil war during the era of the first and second dynasties, its religious manifestations and its political and economic motives
Khaled Mohammed
Al-Tali
Faculty member, Department of Ancient History and Egyptian Archeology - Faculty of Arts - Kafr El-Sheikh University (Egypt)
author
text
article
2010
ara
Several southern civil wars took place in order to unify the south. The delta also passed through more than one stage for the union. When the Egyptian south was united, its rulers sought to unite with the north, which led to the outbreak of other civil wars between northern and southern Egypt during the era of King Scorpion, who was able to achieve clear victories. On the north, where the second row appeared with the inscriptions of his suppressed head, the holders of fans, and behind them two rows of papyrus, which means in the eyes of researchers and scholars the victory of the Scorpion King on the land of papyrus tA-mHw The civil war continued between the south and the north led by King Narmer. The war ended with the union of the North and the South (and a new period of stability and calm began, which had the greatest impact on the flourishing of Egyptian civilization in many aspects, despite this disturbing the union’s ranks by some rebels or secessionists in the First and Second Dynasties.
The aim of this study is to try to know the religious aspects, political and economic motives of the civil war in this early period of ancient Egyptian history, and to study the sources of this war, which were represented in paintings, cards, inscriptions, pots and statues that mentioned this civil war.
Maǧallaẗ Al-Itiḥād Al-ʿām Lil Aṯārīyin Al-ʿarab
General Union of Arab Archeologists & Federation of Arab University in Cooperation with The Egyptian Knowledge Bank (EKB).
2536-9822
11
v.
1
no.
2010
54
72
https://jguaa.journals.ekb.eg/article_2697_11b210b33be3fd93b70466a2468ba15a.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/jguaa.2010.2697
Replacement and its role in the urban development of the city of Alexandria, an archaeological study, "Urban-Documentary""
Sahar Mohammed
Al-Qatari
Faculty member, Department of Islamic Archeology - Faculty of Arts - Tanta University (Egypt)
author
text
article
2010
ara
Streets and roads in cities have emerged as a major axis in their planning since the dawn of history, and the planning of city streets reflects the civilized level that dominated the successive stages of human history. Rather, the planning of road networks in the city has become among the bases on which the types of city planning, old and new, are classified.
The roads and streets in cities are closely and organically linked to their various facilities, and then the relationship between roads and streets and these facilities emerges, a relationship that shows the extent to which each is affected by the other. Where the function of the city's streets and roads was focused on being arteries of communication and movement linking its facilities and its architectural formations. Therefore, the functional relationship between the city's streets and roads and its main and secondary architectural formations was rooted.
Rather, we can say that the dimensions of these streets and their wideness are an integral part of this relationship. The more the architectural formations and the need for easement increases, the greater the need for the widening of these streets. This study is a model for this case, in which replacement was the way to this capacity, as the legislator resorted to it to bring about its expansion in one of the streets. The main city of Alexandria is "Ras El-Tin" Street. This adds to the endowment an important role in organizing and expanding the streets of Islamic cities. The study is also a real "license" to replace the land of a waqf to spend on one of the important mosques in the city and turn it into public utilities.
Maǧallaẗ Al-Itiḥād Al-ʿām Lil Aṯārīyin Al-ʿarab
General Union of Arab Archeologists & Federation of Arab University in Cooperation with The Egyptian Knowledge Bank (EKB).
2536-9822
11
v.
1
no.
2010
73
98
https://jguaa.journals.ekb.eg/article_2698_ab1c27d824f94f7786fe4a29db8b91fb.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/jguaa.2010.2698
Mosaics in Libya: a study of the factors of damage and methods of treatment and restoration
Safaa Ahmed
Abdel Salam
Alexandria College of Fine Arts - Painting Department - Mural Painting Restoration (Egypt)
author
text
article
2010
ara
Studying the techniques of implementing mural painting is an important issue in the field of restoration; In order to know the basis on which these works were carried out, as this is important in determining the general and proposed strategy in the treatment or restoration method; According to the analytical and scientific studies that have a great role in the interpretation and knowledge, not only of the original implementation techniques that were followed, but we were also able to identify the methods of preparation and processing of the materials used in the past, in addition to identifying the damage factors that had an impact on changing the chemical and physical properties of the nature of materials.
Mosaic art is one of the techniques of mural painting that has witnessed a great development throughout the ages in terms of the multiplicity and difference of implementation techniques and the use of different materials as a result of the geological nature and its multiple resources such as the availability of stones, marble or gravel ..... etc. Mosaic is an art inherited from the arts of the ancient civilizations of the Mediterranean region, the countries of the Greeks and the Romans, and although many ancient civilizations have known different types and treatments of mosaics for ritual or decorative purposes, the mosaic spread in the Greco-Roman civilization and increased its spread and its connection with the Byzantine culture and civilization; Where it was a basic expression tool and reached its climax in this era, and since the mosaic art depends on assembling small pieces of marble or stones next to each other; It is installed with mortar that may vary and differ in the proportions of its mixing or additives according to the geological nature of the area. Accordingly, we may find the great diversity of mosaic technology, whether it is in the materials used or in the methods of implementation and performance that have developed in turn. Various studies of the researcher have proven this difference through studies Analytical analysis of mosaics from different locations in Libya.
Attention was drawn to what the researcher saw of the mosaics in Libya in terms of the colors used, the methods of implementation and performance or the topics that were implemented, in addition to the decorative elements that accompanied these topics, which we did not find anywhere else, and this is worthy of study and attention , The study of mosaics in Libya is an important part of the research group for the study and analysis of mural painting work in Libya, especially in Roman times. This topic did not come randomly. Rather, it is part of the researcher's research project to study and analyze the works of mural painting in ancient times. The researcher was not allowed to start this research until after the analytical and field studies of many archaeological sites in Libya and obtaining the results that had an important role in identifying and understanding many of the damage factors that affected the mosaic and studying the structural composition of the Libyan mosaic in the Roman era and identifying the problems facing the mosaic. The Libyan mosaic due to many factors of damage that were found almost similar in many sites with the differences that have been monitored compared to what is found in museums, especially the Red Saraya Museum in Tripoli, as a result of the difference in the surrounding environment. This research revolves around the identification of the Libyan mosaic, and a study of the various factors of damage, which were monitored during the field studies carried out by the researcher in 2007 and 2010, in addition to the researcher's suggestions for methods of treatment, maintenance and restoration as well, which were prepared in the form of various programs, according to the requirements of the sites archaeological sites, museums, or even human resources development to raise the efficiency of those working in the field of restoration, for which part of this research will be devoted.
Maǧallaẗ Al-Itiḥād Al-ʿām Lil Aṯārīyin Al-ʿarab
General Union of Arab Archeologists & Federation of Arab University in Cooperation with The Egyptian Knowledge Bank (EKB).
2536-9822
11
v.
1
no.
2010
99
151
https://jguaa.journals.ekb.eg/article_2699_7fa4cbf23feb0b4385db61dbab7b6908.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/jguaa.2000.2699
The impact of the human factor on conservation projects A comparative study of the two conservation projects of the Al-Ahram Plateau and the Sarabit Al-Khadem area in central Sinai
Emad Ali El Din
El Sherbini
Architecture Department - Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University (Egypt)
author
Mohamed Fikri
Mahmoud
Architecture Department - Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University (Egypt)
author
text
article
2010
ara
The heritage urban space is considered one of the problems posed strongly in the contemporary arena in terms of the possibilities of dealing and the objectives of development and preservation, due to what this space represents from the overlap between the old and the modern - the poor and the precious - the good and the bad - where the overlap between contradictions and heterogeneous values. Most of the valuable heritage areas are located in a vibrant and urban environment, which creates a kind of interaction between these areas and the mutual influence, as the surrounding urban environment affects and is affected by the heritage areas, which requires awareness of the inputs of the surrounding urban environment and its relationship to areas of value.
The vibrant life in the urban areas surrounding the archaeological sites is an integral part of the heritage experience of the archeology, although it has some negative effects, but it cannot be dispensed with. Otherwise, these monuments will become without a soul and no community identity, as the vibrant life in the heart of the heritage area represents a large part of the identity of the place. Through constant attempts to preserve the archaeological areas, a number of entrances and projects have emerged some of which are successful and others suffer from some negatives and do not lead to the expected results.
Maǧallaẗ Al-Itiḥād Al-ʿām Lil Aṯārīyin Al-ʿarab
General Union of Arab Archeologists & Federation of Arab University in Cooperation with The Egyptian Knowledge Bank (EKB).
2536-9822
11
v.
1
no.
2010
152
172
https://jguaa.journals.ekb.eg/article_2700_8539d636d801b499db64df96cbee2db0.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/jguaa.2000.2700
Study of pottery and bronze artifacts with Arabic script from the Chinese Ming Dynasty published for the first time
Fayza Mahmoud Abdel-Khaleq
Al-Wakeel
Faculty of Archeology - Cairo University (Egypt)
author
text
article
2010
ara
The Gayer Anderson Museum includes among its rare masterpieces some ceramic and bronze artifacts bearing Arabic inscriptions in addition to other decorations. These antiques date back to the Ming Dynasty of China and have never been studied or published. The ceramic artifacts are not of the blue color on a white ground, but are colored in different colors, and the bronze masterpieces are decorated with multi-colored enamel.
Maǧallaẗ Al-Itiḥād Al-ʿām Lil Aṯārīyin Al-ʿarab
General Union of Arab Archeologists & Federation of Arab University in Cooperation with The Egyptian Knowledge Bank (EKB).
2536-9822
11
v.
1
no.
2010
173
208
https://jguaa.journals.ekb.eg/article_2701_963620d46f874b06fd28f868253f80d0.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/jguaa.2010.2701
Construction texts of Seljuk religious buildings in Anatolia (2) (soils, tombs and scenes)
Fahim Fathy
Ibrahim
Faculty Member, Department of Archeology, Sohag University (Egypt)
author
text
article
2010
ara
A presentation of the texts of construction on soils, tombs, and Seljuk scenes: the soil of Kelj Arslan bin Masoud in Konya (551-588 AH) (Plate 1): The text of the construction is found in a stone strip on one of the soil facades in the upper part: 1-He ordered the building of the great Sultan, the glory of the world and religion, the pillar of Islam and Muslims, the pride of kings and sultans, the killer of the polytheists. 2-The Sultan of the Lands of the Romans and the Levant, Abu Al-Fath Qilj Arslan bin Masoud bin Kilj Arslan Nasir, Commander of the Faithful, the dearest of God to him. There is a construction text with the architect’s signature on a stone panel measuring (80.0 m x 30.0 m) above the soil entrance in the thuluth script.
1-The work of Yusuf bin Abdul Ghaffar
2-Al-Khujani, may God forgive him and all Muslims
Maǧallaẗ Al-Itiḥād Al-ʿām Lil Aṯārīyin Al-ʿarab
General Union of Arab Archeologists & Federation of Arab University in Cooperation with The Egyptian Knowledge Bank (EKB).
2536-9822
11
v.
1
no.
2010
209
244
https://jguaa.journals.ekb.eg/article_2702_b4c8e533e03a18231d17e06bab8e31aa.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/jguaa.2010.2702
Treatment and maintenance of three silver utensils suffering from different damage manifestations (case study)
Mohamed Aboul Fotouh Mahmoud
Ghoneim
Faculty member, Department of Restoration - Faculty of Fine Arts - Minia University (Egypt)
author
text
article
2010
ara
Three silver vessels bearing the following numbers 70765, 70771 and 70766, dating back to the late period, were in a poor state of preservation in the Egyptian Museum in Cairo. The first and second of them were suffering from the obvious manifestations of damage represented in a layer of gray and black rust products in the form of hard and brittle crust, and calcified layers of the remnants of very cohesive and hard soil that distorted their external appearance, and some parts were suffering from severe brittleness that almost turned into powder upon ingestion. Plus some missing parts. While the third was broken into 12 pieces covered by layers of different thickness and shape of gray and black rust products, soil plankton and dust.
The treatment and maintenance procedures included examining the condition of the three utensils under the stereomicroscope and scanning electron microscope, analyzing rust products and calcified layers, as well as analyzing the metal core, followed by mechanical and chemical cleaning, then strengthening the fragile and weak parts and completing the missing parts, then the protective insulation against future damage.
Maǧallaẗ Al-Itiḥād Al-ʿām Lil Aṯārīyin Al-ʿarab
General Union of Arab Archeologists & Federation of Arab University in Cooperation with The Egyptian Knowledge Bank (EKB).
2536-9822
11
v.
1
no.
2010
245
268
https://jguaa.journals.ekb.eg/article_2703_0d90c9207796c747db744739025b2f0b.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/jguaa.2010.2703
The royal wife's service to her husband through some unconventional royal scenes
Maha
Elknawy
Faculty member, Faculty of Archeology, Cairo University (Egypt)
author
text
article
2010
ara
The research dealt with the subject of the royal wife's service to her husband through some unconventional royal scenes of the appearance of queens to express the scenes of love and affection between the royal couple. This is based on some of the features of royal family life, as it was characterized by flexibility, harmony, understanding and cheerfulness in the meeting between the king and the queen.
Women in ancient Egypt played a prominent role in their society and enjoyed power, control and rights more than women enjoy in the current era, as they reached the highest positions in governance and administration, and were the crowned queen ruling over the country, controlling matters both internally and externally. The woman also participated in practical life as a skilled physician, judge, writer, teacher and priestess, and participated in some ceremonies and funeral rites, and she used to go to the markets to engage in all kinds of trade. Apart from the main and important jobs, we find her working in the fields and fishing with her husband, playing some sports, making bread, beer, perfumes, weaving, hairdressing and other housework as a maid. The ancient Egyptian woman was able to prove herself in social, cultural and artistic life, and we cannot deny the role of Egyptian women, ancient or modern, in supporting and supporting men in all fields, even in the darkest conditions such as war battles. Despite the pressures of life and the pressure of work, sometimes the wife, whether she was a queen or a high-ranking person or a commoner, worked to meet the needs of her husband and children and took care of their affairs and tried with simple actions to achieve marital happiness. The woman appeared in ancient Egypt among the members of her family It shows signs of happiness, as the artist used the statue or the single scene as an advanced language that takes the place of a thousand words in understanding through visual reading to refer to family bonding and women’s enjoyment of elegance, grace, health and beauty. The study in this research will deal with the royal wife’s service to her husband through some unconventional views of the emergence of queens, through which we learn about the royal family life, as it was characterized by flexibility, harmony, understanding and cheerfulness in the meeting between the king and the queen. Undoubtedly, these behaviors made the husband happy and had a great impact in strengthening family ties and adding joy to married life.
Maǧallaẗ Al-Itiḥād Al-ʿām Lil Aṯārīyin Al-ʿarab
General Union of Arab Archeologists & Federation of Arab University in Cooperation with The Egyptian Knowledge Bank (EKB).
2536-9822
11
v.
1
no.
2010
269
283
https://jguaa.journals.ekb.eg/article_2704_213130b956ac9d4d35433c658347a624.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/jguaa.2010.2704
Deity Nin - Gublaga dNin - Gublaga in textual sources
Nasser
Mekkawy
Faculty of Archeology - Cairo University (Egypt)
author
text
article
2010
ara
It was a locally worshiped and packed temple in the temple of Ja-Pur-Ra in the city of Ki-Abrij-Abrij-Ki-Abrij, one of the neighborhoods of the city of Lagash. Then, with the beginning of the Akkadian era, his worship reached the city of Ur. He was also worshiped in the city of Larsa and in a number of other cities.
Maǧallaẗ Al-Itiḥād Al-ʿām Lil Aṯārīyin Al-ʿarab
General Union of Arab Archeologists & Federation of Arab University in Cooperation with The Egyptian Knowledge Bank (EKB).
2536-9822
11
v.
1
no.
2010
284
303
https://jguaa.journals.ekb.eg/article_2705_c301df76d9560d5d1fd86e29cf57e1c7.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/jguaa.2000.2705
Characterization of the Mamluk painting materials in Cairo, Egypt: El-Ashraf Bersbay Madrasa (826 A.H/ 1423 A.D) a case study
Atef
Brania
Prof. Dr., in Dept., of Conservation, Faculty of Archaeology, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
author
text
article
2010
ara
The painting materials in the Islamic monuments in Cairo were variable and distinguished. The accurate identification and characterization of painting materials in an art object or in a paint layer is certainly an important step in the history of art, technology and conservation. The main objective of the present paper is to examine and investigate the different painting materials (pigments, gilding, binding media and painting ground) employed in the decorated ceilings of Madrasa of Al-Ashraf Bersbay (Mamluk Jarkasy period). X-ray diffraction (X.R.D.), scanning electron microscope SEM (EDAX), light optical microscope (LOM) and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), together with determination of physical properties of the support (water content and density) and microbiological study, adapted for analysis, investigation and evaluation of the current status. The study revealed the severe damage of painting materials. Gypsum, ultramarine, smalt, prussian blue, red ochre, emerald green, red lead (minium) and gold leaves were identified in El-Ashraf Bersbay Madrasa decoration painting
Maǧallaẗ Al-Itiḥād Al-ʿām Lil Aṯārīyin Al-ʿarab
General Union of Arab Archeologists & Federation of Arab University in Cooperation with The Egyptian Knowledge Bank (EKB).
2536-9822
11
v.
1
no.
2010
1
39
https://jguaa.journals.ekb.eg/article_2747_2b3f4e09d001b6a47d466875ca6489c0.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/jguaa.2000.2747
Dina M
Ezz El-Din
Lecturer in the Faculty of Tourism and Hotels – Guiding Department – Alexandria University.
author
text
article
2010
ara
Maǧallaẗ Al-Itiḥād Al-ʿām Lil Aṯārīyin Al-ʿarab
General Union of Arab Archeologists & Federation of Arab University in Cooperation with The Egyptian Knowledge Bank (EKB).
2536-9822
11
v.
1
no.
2010
40
56
https://jguaa.journals.ekb.eg/article_2754_9a36080136c91901261c665144ee1d0d.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/jguaa.2010.2754
CONGLOMERATE ROCKS "BRECCIA VERDE ANTICA" ARCHAEOLOGY, PETROLOGY, DETERIORATION AND TECHNOLOGY OF QUARRYING AT HAMMAMAT QUARRIES IN THE EASTEREN DESERT
HESHAM ABBAS
KMALLY
Restoration Department, High Institute of Tourism, Hotel Management and Restoration, Alexandria, (Egypt).
author
text
article
2010
ara
One of the most interesting of the monumental rocks of Egypt is the green conglomerates of the Hammamat valley which was used for bowls, vessels, sarcophagus and other objects, from a very early period. The quarries of wadi Hammamat produced the green ornamental stone known in Roman period as "Breccia verde antica". Generally the ancient conglomerate was used occasionally in Egypt at pharaonic time and late period, but it was quarried chiefly by the Roman for export to Italy. The conglomerate rocks range from coarse to fine conglomerates. They are composed of great assortment of rock fragments such as meta-sediments, meta-volcanic and granites. Some pebbles of the coarse conglomerates are previously deposited conglomerates. Pollution, humidity or moisture, solar radiation, rainfall and groundwater represent important factors for disintegration of green conglomerate rocks. Many types of destruction have been noted such as micro-cracks, fractures, joints, exfoliation, crumbling, discoloration, leaching and staining with iron oxides. The conglomerate rock sometimes changes into fragmented, soft residual and parent matter of the soil. Moreover, individual grains of feldspar and quartz begin to become loosened and the rock shows superficial granular disintegration due to, growth of salts and physiochemical weathering.
Maǧallaẗ Al-Itiḥād Al-ʿām Lil Aṯārīyin Al-ʿarab
General Union of Arab Archeologists & Federation of Arab University in Cooperation with The Egyptian Knowledge Bank (EKB).
2536-9822
11
v.
1
no.
2010
57
86
https://jguaa.journals.ekb.eg/article_2757_fc2986097e6f6b9a30bf404e3242ff52.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/jguaa.2000.2757
Salwa
Kamel
Lecturer in the faculty of Archaeology-cairo university
author
Mona
ِِAbou El maati
Lecturer in the faculty of Archaeology-cairo university.
author
text
article
2010
ara
Maǧallaẗ Al-Itiḥād Al-ʿām Lil Aṯārīyin Al-ʿarab
General Union of Arab Archeologists & Federation of Arab University in Cooperation with The Egyptian Knowledge Bank (EKB).
2536-9822
11
v.
1
no.
2010
87
101
https://jguaa.journals.ekb.eg/article_2761_7ea008d98bb6cd687a029920836a3335.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/jguaa.2010.2761
MICROBIAL STUDIES TO EVALUATE BIODETERIORATION OF OIL PAINTING AND ITS PREVENTION
Sawsan
Darwish
Conservation Dept., Faculty of Archaeology, Cairo University(Egypt)
author
Abed el Hamid
H
General Organization for Culture Palaces, Ministry of Culture(Egypt)
author
Bahaa
A
Conservation Dept., Faculty of Archaeology, Cairo University(Egypt)
author
text
article
2010
ara
Microbiological samples were taken from deteriorated oil paintings exhibited in various locations in addition to private possessions. The results showed that eight fungal and four bacterial species were isolated from these objects. These isolates were studied to measure their ability in degrading cellulose, gelatin, linseed oil and the varnish dammar. They were also tested for their potentiality to produce extracellular cellulases and proteases enzymes. The effect of different concentrations of benlate, coside 101 and some natural oils such as cloves, jojoba and garlic oils on the radial growth of the tested fungi and bacteria was studied. The results showed that all the tested biocides had a negative effect on the growth of the tested isolates and a single biocide is sufficient to kill a number of fungal species effectively. Key words: oil painting, biodeterioration, fungi, bacteria, cellulases, proteases, natural oils.
Maǧallaẗ Al-Itiḥād Al-ʿām Lil Aṯārīyin Al-ʿarab
General Union of Arab Archeologists & Federation of Arab University in Cooperation with The Egyptian Knowledge Bank (EKB).
2536-9822
11
v.
1
no.
2010
102
128
https://jguaa.journals.ekb.eg/article_2788_37732074079594288d545126bd7a0b4b.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/jguaa.2010.2788
Analysis, Technical Investigation and Conservation of a Painted Enamel Qajar Pendant
Wafaa Anwar
Mohamed
Cairo University, Faculty of Archaeology, Conservation Department, Al-Gamea St., Giza, )12613, (Egypt.
author
text
article
2010
ara
This research aims atinvestigating the chemical composition and the technical features of a painted enamel Qajar pendant. This investigation was followed by cleaning and conservation of the pendant. Optical light microscope (OLM), scanning electron microscope (SEM) combined with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray fluorescence analysis (XRF) were used respectively for imaging and micro-analysis of the object. The study proved that the pendant is made of gold foils, round and half-round gold wires of different sizes and carats. Different forming and decorative techniques were found to be used for the manufacturing of the pendent: repoussé, granulation, filigree, chasing, stamping, painted and cloisonné enameling. The study also proved that the central quatrefoil ornament is not solid metal, containing a wax core.
Maǧallaẗ Al-Itiḥād Al-ʿām Lil Aṯārīyin Al-ʿarab
General Union of Arab Archeologists & Federation of Arab University in Cooperation with The Egyptian Knowledge Bank (EKB).
2536-9822
11
v.
1
no.
2010
129
142
https://jguaa.journals.ekb.eg/article_2918_ce08b4546f4d2f3d8f6dcc6c3203c323.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/jguaa.2010.2918