الاتحاد العام للآثاريين العرب واتحاد الجامعات العربية
بالتعاون مع بنك المعرفة المصريمجلة الإتحاد العام للآثاريين العرب2536-982212120111201Scenes of the woman accompanying the child on the walls of the tombs of the ancient state until the end of the modern state, an analytical studyمناظر إصطحاب المرأة للطفل على جدران مقابر عصر الدولة القديمة حتى نهاية الدولة الحديثة دراسة تحليلية143276710.21608/jguaa.2011.2767ARجيهان رشدى محمدعضو هيئة تدريس بکلية التربية جامعة عين شمس (مصر)Journal Article20170502The simple Egyptian woman - outside the ruling class - played important roles in the ancient Egyptian society, including: her keenness to accompany the children to many places they go outside the borders of the home, regardless of the extent of the effort they make for that, and that woman may be a maid or a musician. A musician, a farmer, etc., and a woman from a high class accompanied her children on some occasions, including bidding farewell to her husband after his death while practicing burial rites. The foreign women - Nubian, Syrian and Libyan - also took their children to Egypt, according to the tribute received by them, where they were used as slaves.لعبت المرأة المصرية البسيطة - خارج الطبقة الحاكمة - أدواراً هامـة فـي المجتمع المصري القديم، ومنها : حرصها علي اصطحاب الأطفال إلـي العديـد مـن الأماكن التي تذهب إليها خارج حدود المنزل بغض النظر عن مدي الجهد الذي تبذلـه في سبيل ذلك ، وقد تكون تلك المرأة خادمة أو عازفة موسيقي أو فلاحة .... إلخ، كمـا اصطحبت المرأة من الطبقة الراقية أطفالها في بعض المناسبات منها توديع زوجها بعد وفاته أثناء ممارسة طقوس الدفن . كما اصطحبت المرأة الأجنبية-النوبية والسورية والليبية-أطفالها إلي مصر وذلك طبقاً لمناظر الجزية الواردة إليها، حيث كان يتم استخدامهم كعبيدالاتحاد العام للآثاريين العرب واتحاد الجامعات العربية
بالتعاون مع بنك المعرفة المصريمجلة الإتحاد العام للآثاريين العرب2536-982212120111201Views of concerts in the Western Thebesمناظر الحفلات الموسيقية فى مقابر طيبة الغربية4472277710.21608/jguaa.2011.2777ARخالد شوقى على البسيونىعضو هيئة تدريس بکلية السياحة والفنادق – جامعة قناة السويس (مصر)Journal Article20170503Research Summary: The pictorial program for concerts and banquets in the palaces and homes of the nobles and nobles of the capital, Thebes.
Research methodology and rules:
Scenes of banquets on the walls of the Western Thebes Cemetery in Luxor during the era of the modern state.
In this research, the researcher presents a documentary and documentary view of the scenes of banquets and banquets, those scenes that provide us with a documentary presentation of the arts of dance, music and singing in ancient Egypt. Especially in the era of the modern state (the era of the ancient Egyptian empire in West Asia: the ancient Near East - and in northern Sudan, the culture of music, dance and singing in the scenes of feasting on the walls of the tombs of the nobles and nobles during the era of the modern state). The palaces, villas and gardens of the nobles, nobles and princes who lived in Thebes, "the capital of the sceptre", the capital of the Egyptian Empire at that historical stage, and at the same time. These scenes, which express a life of luxury and splendor, reflect the development of the arts of dance, music and singing in that era, as well as the structure of social and class life during the era of the modern state (Al-Osraat: 18, 19, 20, ancient Egyptian art and the study of ancient Egyptian civilization and civilization).) البروجرام التصويري للحفلات الموسيقية وصورة المآدب في قصور ومنازل أشراف ونبلاء العاصمة طيبة.<br /> مناظر الولائم على جدران مقابر جبانة طيبة الغربية بالأقصر أثنـاء عـصر الدولـة الحديثة (أنظر . د: إيمان أبو زيد؛ د. ماجد نجم؛ د. صلاح الخولي؛ د. سليمة إكرام (S.Ikram عرف المصري القديم فنون الرقص والموسيقى والغناء واسـتخدمهم فـي مجـالات ووظائف متعددة وشتى في الحياة الدينية والجنائزية والمدنية واستخدمهم أ يضا بمعناهم الترفيهي والشعبي (الاحتفالات والمواكب الدينية والمناسبات الملكية والأعياد الرسمية و الشعبية ). فى هذا البحث يقدم الباحث رؤية تسجيلية ووثائقية لمناظر المـآدب والـولائم، تلـك المناظر التي تقدم لنا عرض تسجيلي لفنون الرقص والموسيقي والغناء فـي مـصر القديمة خاصة في عصر الدولة الحديثة (عصر الإمبراطورية المصرية القديمـة فـي غرب آسيا : الشرق الأدنى القديم - وفي شمال السودان ، ثقافة الموسـيقى والـرقص والغناء في مناظر الولائم على جدران مقابر الأشراف والنبلاء خلال حقبـة الدولـة الحديثة (. هذه المناظر التصويرية تسجل لنا ح فلات الرقص والطرب في قصور وفيلات وحدائق الأشراف والنبلاء والأمراء الذين عاشوا في طيبة "عاصـمة الـصولجان " عاصـمة الإمبراطورية المصرية في تلك المرحلة التاريخية، وفي نفس الوقـت تعكـس هـذه المناظر التي تعبر عن حياة الترف والآبهة - تطور فنون الرقص والموسيقي والغناء في ذلك العصر، وكذلك بنية الحياة الاجتماعية والطبقية أثناء عصر الدولـة الحديثـة )الأسرات: ١٨ ،١٩ ،٢٠ ،الفن المصري القديم ودراسة الحضارة والمدنية المـصرية القديمة ).الاتحاد العام للآثاريين العرب واتحاد الجامعات العربية
بالتعاون مع بنك المعرفة المصريمجلة الإتحاد العام للآثاريين العرب2536-982212120111201Normans and Muslims in Sicily
Under Count Roger (died 1101)النورمان والمسلمون فى جزيرة صقلية فى عهد الکونت روجر (توفى عام 1101م)7393277810.21608/jguaa.2011.2778ARرشيد التومىقسم التاريخ
جامعة الجزائر (الجزائر)Journal Article20170503Norman-Islamic relations with the island of Sicily, during the rule of Count Roger, are considered a special point in medieval European history. The peculiarity of this page is due to the fact that this relationship took place during an era when the Islamic rule on this island was over and managed, and the reign of the king was transferred to new masters, namely the Normands. As a result, the Muslims turned from rulers throughout the island to the governed subject to these northerners under a system they brought with them, famous for its cruelty and complexities, which is known as the feudal system. However, this situation did not prevent the Islamic party from continuing to manage the affairs of Sicily, considering it, according to the Normans, a decisive factor in establishing and confirming Norman rule on the island. This belief of the Normans constituted an objective justification for building an exciting relationship with the Muslims of Sicily and their civilization, which attested to the effective and remarkable impact on this reality of the island, despite what was characterized by this relationship of a blatant positive and negative, constructive and unfair, as will be revealed in this presentation.تعتبر العلاقات النورماندية الإسلامية بجزيرة صقلية، أثنـاء حكـم الكونـت روجر، محطّة خاصية في التاريخ الأوربي الوسيط . وتعود خصوصية هذه الـصفحة، إلى كون هذه العلاقة جرت في حقبة كان الحكم الإسلامي بهذه الجزيرة قد ولّى وأدبر وانتقل زمام الملك بها إلى أسياد جدد وهم النورمان "Normands ". وتحول المسلمون جراء ذلك، من حكام لأرجاء الجزيرة إلى محكومين خاضعين لهؤلاء الـشماليين فـي ظل نظام جلبوه معهم، اشتهر بقساوته وتعقيداته وهو المعروف بالنظام الإقطاعي. إلاّ أن هذه الوضعية لم تحل دون استمرار الطرف الإسلامي في إدارة شـؤون صـقلية باعتباره، في نظر النورمان، عاملاً حاسما في تثبيـت وتأكيـد الحكـم النورمانـدي بالجزيرة. وشكّل هذا الاعتقاد لدى النورمان مبررا موضوعيا لبناء علاقة مثيرة مـع مسلمي صقلية وحضارتهم، شهد لها بالتأثير الفعال والملحوظ على واقع الجزيرة هـذا على الرغم مما تميزت به هذه العلاقة من ثُنائية صـارخة ايجابيـة وسـلبية، بنـاءة ومجحفة، كما سيتم الكشف عنها في هذا العرض<strong>.</strong>الاتحاد العام للآثاريين العرب واتحاد الجامعات العربية
بالتعاون مع بنك المعرفة المصريمجلة الإتحاد العام للآثاريين العرب2536-982212120111201The commercial relationship between the Emirate of Beni Abd El-Wad and the Kingdom of Aragonالعلاقة التجارية بين إمارة بنى عبد الواد ومملکة أراغونة94111277910.21608/jguaa.2011.2779ARلطيفة بشارىقسم التاريخ – جامعة الجزائر (الجزائر)Journal Article20170503: The location of the Emirate of Bani Abd al-Wad, between the Mediterranean in the north, western Sudan in the south, and between the lower Morocco in the east, and the far west in the west, drew the attention of the Aragonese, and they attacked its coasts opposite their country in the movement of their expansion, after they annexed the island of Mallorca in the year 627 AH / 1229. However, after a short period of time, they realized that their hostile policy did not benefit them, and they wanted to take advantage of the profits that could be obtained by their merchants in the markets of the cities of the emirate, especially the gold of Western Sudan. The kings of Aragonese encouraged their subjects to disembark in the ports and cities of central Morocco. They concluded several treaties to organize the relationship between them and the princes of Banu Abd al-Wad, who opened their markets and provided the necessary conditions for the establishment of Christian merchants in their emirate. And soon, the Aragonese outnumbered other Europeans, and they became supervising the Italian, French, and Castilian merchants in the cities and ports of Central Morocco.لفت موقع إمارة بني عبد الواد، بين البحر الأبيض المتوسط شـمالا، وبـلاد السودان الغربي جنوبا، وبين المغرب الأدنى شرقا، والمغرب الأقصى غربا، اهتمـام الأراغونيين، فهاجموا سواحلها المقابلة لبلادهم في حركة توسعهم، بعـد أن ضـموا جزيرة ميورقة سنة ٦٢٧هـ/ ١٢٢٩ . م لكنّهم، بعد فترة قـصيرة، تفطّنـوا إلـى أنسياستهم العدائية لا تفيدهم، وأرادوا الاستفادة من الأرباح التي يمكن أن يحصل عليها تجارهم في أسواق مدن الإمارة، خاصة ذهب بلاد السودان الغربي . فشجع ملوك أراغونة رعاياهم على النزول في موانئ، ومدن المغرب الأوسط. وعقدوا عدة معاهدات لتنظيم العلاقة بينهم وبين أمراء بني عبد الواد، الـذين فتحـوا أسواقهم، ووفّروا الشروط اللازمة لإقامة التجار المسيحيين في إمارتهم . وسرعان مـا تفوق الأراغونيون على غيرهم من الأوروبيين، وأصبحوا يـشرفون علـى التجـار الإيطاليين، والفرنسيين، والقشتاليين، في مدن وموانئ المغرب الأوسط.
الاتحاد العام للآثاريين العرب واتحاد الجامعات العربية
بالتعاون مع بنك المعرفة المصريمجلة الإتحاد العام للآثاريين العرب2536-982212120111201Problems of the ancient history of Palestineأشکاليات تاريخ فلسطين القديم112124278010.21608/jguaa.2000.2780ARمحمد العلاميجامعة الخليل – فلسطينJournal Article20170503One of the problems facing the researcher in studying the ancient history of Palestine is the problem of the sources. When archaeological excavations began in Palestine, the biblical archaeologists were interpreting archaeological discoveries according to the knowledge derived from the Old Testament, and the writings of Josephus Villavi, and their application to Palestinian sites. The Old Testament and the writings of Josephus Villavie are a reliable source for knowledge of the ancient history of Palestine?لفت موقع إمارة بني عبد الواد، بين البحر الأبيض المتوسط شـمالا، وبـلاد السودان الغربي جنوبا، وبين المغرب الأدنى شرقا، والمغرب الأقصى غربا، اهتمـام الأراغونيين، فهاجموا سواحلها المقابلة لبلادهم في حركة توسعهم، بعـد أن ضـموا جزيرة ميورقة سنة ٦٢٧هـ/ ١٢٢٩ . م لكنّهم، بعد فترة قـصيرة، تفطّنـوا إلـى أنسياستهم العدائية لا تفيدهم، وأرادوا الاستفادة من الأرباح التي يمكن أن يحصل عليها تجارهم في أسواق مدن الإمارة، خاصة ذهب بلاد السودان الغربي . فشجع ملوك أراغونة رعاياهم على النزول في موانئ، ومدن المغرب الأوسط. وعقدوا عدة معاهدات لتنظيم العلاقة بينهم وبين أمراء بني عبد الواد، الـذين فتحـوا أسواقهم، ووفّروا الشروط اللازمة لإقامة التجار المسيحيين في إمارتهم . وسرعان مـا تفوق الأراغونيون على غيرهم من الأوروبيين، وأصبحوا يـشرفون علـى التجـار الإيطاليين، والفرنسيين، والقشتاليين، في مدن وموانئ المغرب الأوسطالاتحاد العام للآثاريين العرب واتحاد الجامعات العربية
بالتعاون مع بنك المعرفة المصريمجلة الإتحاد العام للآثاريين العرب2536-982212120111201An artistic archaeological study of the paintings of the Prophet’s ornaments in the art of Arabic calligraphy (The Egyptian Book House collection)دراسة أثرية فنية للوحات الحلية النبوية فى فن الخط العربى ( مجموعة دار الکتب المصرية )125200278310.21608/jguaa.2011.2783ARمحمد على حامد بيومىعضو هيئة تدريس بقسم الإرشاد السياحى - کلية السياحة والفنادق - جامعة المنيا (مصر)Journal Article201705031-Defining specialists in the field of antiquities, Islamic archaeological writings and Arabic calligraphy with the term “the Prophet’s ornament” that is customary in the Turkish school of Arabic calligraphy, and the definition of its origin and development, as I noticed that this term is still unknown to many. 2-Introducing the shapes and images of the honorable ornament through its various models, as it was known so far from those models one model settled in the archaeological custom. 3-Shedding light on the collection of ornaments preserved in the Egyptian House of Books, which has not been previously published, with the aim of documenting it with sound scientific documentation, as well as benefiting from what it contains of archaeological, artistic, scientific material that benefits those engaged in Islamic art and archaeological writings in general and the art of Arabic calligraphy, the art of Islamic arts in particular. 4-Introducing the Mustafa ornament through these artistic paintings, which represent a sophisticated civilized aspect that addresses the mind and stirs feelings through art represented in the splendor of Arabic calligraphy, the beauty of Islamic decorations, and the accuracy of gilding, which can affect the beholder of these paintings faster than browsing For heritage books that many may not have access to. 5-Shedding light on the extent of Muslims’ interest in everything related to the Messenger of God, especially in this aspect that many may not know about his descriptions and honorable body through the paintings of the Prophet’s ornament written and directed by Turkish calligraphers after they realized their artistic sense of the extent of the magnificence of these descriptions And greatness that deserves to be produced and executed in artistic paintings that show creativity in the most wonderful form, consistent with the greatness of its owner. 6-Shedding light on a unique and distinct group of Arabic calligraphy paintings, which are the paintings of the Prophet’s ornament that are uniquely acquired and preserved by the Egyptian House of Books, and there is no similar or duplicate copies of it in any other heritage preservation house in the world, including Turkey itself, the country of origin. For this type of jewelry.الاتحاد العام للآثاريين العرب واتحاد الجامعات العربية
بالتعاون مع بنك المعرفة المصريمجلة الإتحاد العام للآثاريين العرب2536-982212120111201Notes on the history of the Amarna periodملاحظات على التأريخ فى عصر العمارنة201221278510.21608/jguaa.2011.2785ARوحيد محمد شعيبعضو هيئة تدريس بکلية التربية – جامعة المنصورة(مصر)Journal Article20170503Mystery still surrounds many archaeological and historical issues in the Amarna era as a result of confusion in the date of its various events. Despite the multiplicity and diversity of studies that dealt with this era and played a major role in revealing some of its problems, the issue of dating its successive historical stages with its thorny events is still ambiguous to many specialists, especially Egyptians, in addition to that it needs more studies aimed at revealing Unveiled from the thumb. Hence the importance of this study, which is concerned with an attempt to unveil the various means of dating Amarna monuments, as well as highlighting its great historical and archaeological importance in addressing many of the thorny issues of the eraلا يزال الغموض يكتنف العديد من القضايا الأثرية والتاريخية فى عصر العمارنة نتيجة الالتباس فى تأريخ أحداثه المتنوعة. وبالرغم من تعدد وتنوع الدراسات التى عالجت هذا العصر وساهمت بدور كبير فى إماطة اللثام عن بعض مشاكله، إلا أن مسألة تأريخ مراحله التاريخية المتعاقبة بأحداثها الشائكة لا تزال غامضة لدى العديد من المتخصصين لاسيما المصريين منهم، علاوة على أنها تحتاج إلى مزيد من الدراسات الهادفة إلى كشف النقاب عما يعتريها من إبهام. ومن هنا تأتى أهمية تلك الدراسة التى تختص بمحاولة كشف النقاب عن الوسائل المختلفة لتأريخ آثار العمارنة، وكذلك إبراز أهميتها التاريخية والأثرية البالغة فى معالجة العديد من قضايا العصر الشائكةالاتحاد العام للآثاريين العرب واتحاد الجامعات العربية
بالتعاون مع بنك المعرفة المصريمجلة الإتحاد العام للآثاريين العرب2536-982212120111201Sacred bark of the BastetSacred bark of the Bastet118278710.21608/jguaa.2011.2787ARAbdalla Abdel – RaziqA lecturer of Egyptology in the department of
archaeology , Egyptology branch in the faculty of arts , assuit university(Egypt)Journal Article20170503Just as ancient Egyptian gods, or their cult images which represented them on earth, had houses (temples), tables, beds, clothes and jewellery, etc. so they had also full-sized barks – which were similar in shape to Nile boats, except that their prows and sterns were adorned with the aegis of the god in question, and the cabin was replaced by a naos containing the cult image of the deity – in which to travel by river or canal. One must distinguish clearly between two kinds of these sacred barks : real ships which carried images or shrines on Nile, canals or sacred lakes during the celebration of religious festivals, and portable barks or boat-shrines either dragged or borne in procession on the shoulders of the temple priests amid great jubilation when the festival of the local god was celebrated during special times of the year, or when the god or goddess left the precincts of his or her own temple to visit another deity at some other location.Just as ancient Egyptian gods, or their cult images which represented them on earth, had houses (temples), tables, beds, clothes and jewellery, etc. so they had also full-sized barks – which were similar in shape to Nile boats, except that their prows and sterns were adorned with the aegis of the god in question, and the cabin was replaced by a naos containing the cult image of the deity – in which to travel by river or canal. One must distinguish clearly between two kinds of these sacred barks : real ships which carried images or shrines on Nile, canals or sacred lakes during the celebration of religious festivals, and portable barks or boat-shrines either dragged or borne in procession on the shoulders of the temple priests amid great jubilation when the festival of the local god was celebrated during special times of the year, or when the god or goddess left the precincts of his or her own temple to visit another deity at some other location.الاتحاد العام للآثاريين العرب واتحاد الجامعات العربية
بالتعاون مع بنك المعرفة المصريمجلة الإتحاد العام للآثاريين العرب2536-982212120111201The Reasons of Using the Original Stone for Repair and Conservation of Ancient Egyptian Buildings in The light of Discovery of Some Ancient Quarries which are inferred to be used as Stone Sourcing and The Reason of Using Other AlternativesThe Reasons of Using the Original Stone for Repair and Conservation of Ancient Egyptian Buildings in The light of Discovery of Some Ancient Quarries which are inferred to be used as Stone Sourcing and The Reason of Using Other Alternatives1974279010.21608/jguaa.2011.2790ARAbdou El-DerbyLecturer in Archaeology Conservation Department , Faculty of Archaeology , South Valley University, Supervisor on The Institute of Archaeology Conservation at Luxor.(Egypt)Journal Article20170503The reason of using the original stone for stone repair and conservation of ancient Egyptian buildings with review of some reference examples of case study on which the researcher applied, it is the study which the first theme dealt with, consequently the second theme dealt the researcher's discovery of 12 ancient limestone quarries locate in surroundings of Abydos to both the south west (in El-Ghabat village) and the north west of Abydos, to be affixed to documented two ancient limestone quarries in the same district and to be affixed to documented Eighty six ancient limestone quarries in the calcareous plateaus all over Egypt and to preserve them for own archaeological & technological values and for using their context as source of the original stone for repair and conservation, the second theme also enumerates the general and special evidences of using these quarries as a sourcing stone for ancient Egyptian buildings in Abydos, then it is requisite explain in the third theme the reason and criteria of using the stone alternatives whether the correspondent or the appropriate stone artificial stone or the plastic repair for stone repair and conservation of ancient Egyptian buildings with review of some reference examples of case study on which the researcher appliedThe reason of using the original stone for stone repair and conservation of ancient Egyptian buildings with review of some reference examples of case study on which the researcher applied, it is the study which the first theme dealt with, consequently the second theme dealt the researcher's discovery of 12 ancient limestone quarries locate in surroundings of Abydos to both the south west (in El-Ghabat village) and the north west of Abydos, to be affixed to documented two ancient limestone quarries in the same district and to be affixed to documented Eighty six ancient limestone quarries in the calcareous plateaus all over Egypt and to preserve them for own archaeological & technological values and for using their context as source of the original stone for repair and conservation, the second theme also enumerates the general and special evidences of using these quarries as a sourcing stone for ancient Egyptian buildings in Abydos, then it is requisite explain in the third theme the reason and criteria of using the stone alternatives whether the correspondent or the appropriate stone artificial stone or the plastic repair for stone repair and conservation of ancient Egyptian buildings with review of some reference examples of case study on which the researcher appliedالاتحاد العام للآثاريين العرب واتحاد الجامعات العربية
بالتعاون مع بنك المعرفة المصريمجلة الإتحاد العام للآثاريين العرب2536-982212120111201Evaluation of the reliability and durability of some chemical treatments proposed for consolidation of so called-marble decoration used in 19th century cemetery (Hosh Al Basha), Cairo, Egypt.Evaluation of the reliability and durability of some chemical treatments proposed for consolidation of so called-marble decoration used in 19th century cemetery (Hosh Al Basha), Cairo, Egypt.7596279210.21608/jguaa.2011.2792ARAmany BakrConservation Department, Faculty of Archaeology, Cairo University, (Egypt)Journal Article20170503 The conservation of so called-marble ornaments is a very important cultural heritage issue, since this kind of decoration was widely use for casing stone buildings during 19<sup>th</sup> and beginning of 20<sup>th</sup> centuries in Egypt. The wide variation of materials and techniques used for imitating natural marble is a really big challenge for conservators. Actually most of so called- marble decorations are subjected to several degradation agents which can lead to the loss of material cohesion mostly caused by alteration phenomena that often produce the detachment of large areas of imitated marble ornaments. Surface consolidation, directed to achieve cohesion and stability, is based on the use of materials with aggregating properties. This study started with characterization of the yellow veined imitated marble stucco used in Hosh Al Basha courtyard dating back to Mohammed Ali's family period (1805-1952) in Egypt. The imitated marble stucco consists of two main layers. The outer finishing layer, yellow paint veined with brown color, composed mainly of yellow zincite (ZnO). Gypsum (CaSO<sub>4</sub>.2H<sub>2</sub>O), halite (NaCl) and calcite (CaCo<sub>3</sub>) were detected in this layer also. The mineral composition of the subsurface layer (prime layer) shows the presence of gypsum (major mineral), zincite (ZnO), anhydrite (CaSO<sub>4</sub>) and halite (NaCl) were also detected. Two products (Paraloid B-72 and SILRES® BS OH 100) were selected to evaluate their efficiency for consolidation treatments of imitated marble stucco. The selected products were tested under thermal ageing. Polarizing microscope (PLM), scanning electron microscopy with the energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR-ATR) and colorimetric measurements were used in performing the study. The conservation of so called-marble ornaments is a very important cultural heritage issue, since this kind of decoration was widely use for casing stone buildings during 19<sup>th</sup> and beginning of 20<sup>th</sup> centuries in Egypt. The wide variation of materials and techniques used for imitating natural marble is a really big challenge for conservators. Actually most of so called- marble decorations are subjected to several degradation agents which can lead to the loss of material cohesion mostly caused by alteration phenomena that often produce the detachment of large areas of imitated marble ornaments. Surface consolidation, directed to achieve cohesion and stability, is based on the use of materials with aggregating properties. This study started with characterization of the yellow veined imitated marble stucco used in Hosh Al Basha courtyard dating back to Mohammed Ali's family period (1805-1952) in Egypt. The imitated marble stucco consists of two main layers. The outer finishing layer, yellow paint veined with brown color, composed mainly of yellow zincite (ZnO). Gypsum (CaSO<sub>4</sub>.2H<sub>2</sub>O), halite (NaCl) and calcite (CaCo<sub>3</sub>) were detected in this layer also. The mineral composition of the subsurface layer (prime layer) shows the presence of gypsum (major mineral), zincite (ZnO), anhydrite (CaSO<sub>4</sub>) and halite (NaCl) were also detected. Two products (Paraloid B-72 and SILRES® BS OH 100) were selected to evaluate their efficiency for consolidation treatments of imitated marble stucco. The selected products were tested under thermal ageing. Polarizing microscope (PLM), scanning electron microscopy with the energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR-ATR) and colorimetric measurements were used in performing the study. الاتحاد العام للآثاريين العرب واتحاد الجامعات العربية
بالتعاون مع بنك المعرفة المصريمجلة الإتحاد العام للآثاريين العرب2536-982212120111201Nswt-bity as "king of Egypt and the Sudan" in the 25th.Dynasty and the Kushite KingdomNswt-bity as "king of Egypt and the Sudan" in the 25th.Dynasty and the Kushite Kingdom97108279510.21608/jguaa.2011.2795ARHussein M RabieCairo university, Faculty of archaeology, department of Egyptology.(Egypt)Journal Article20170503The Kingdom of Kush was established in the Sudan around the tenth century B.C by local rulers and with local traditions. There was a conflict between priests of Amun and the king Tekeloth II in the Twenty Second Dynasty. Tekeloth II had some priests of Amun burned alive and forced some other priests to leave Thebes escaping to Napata. The sanity of the area of Napata to Amun and to Theban priests had been established by building an Egyptian temple for the god Amun at Jebel Barkal in the Eighteenth Dynasty. Jebel Barkal was considered as the home of the Ka of Amun, as was mentioned on a stela of Thutmos III.The Kingdom of Kush was established in the Sudan around the tenth century B.C by local rulers and with local traditions. There was a conflict between priests of Amun and the king Tekeloth II in the Twenty Second Dynasty. Tekeloth II had some priests of Amun burned alive and forced some other priests to leave Thebes escaping to Napata. The sanity of the area of Napata to Amun and to Theban priests had been established by building an Egyptian temple for the god Amun at Jebel Barkal in the Eighteenth Dynasty. Jebel Barkal was considered as the home of the Ka of Amun, as was mentioned on a stela of Thutmos III.الاتحاد العام للآثاريين العرب واتحاد الجامعات العربية
بالتعاون مع بنك المعرفة المصريمجلة الإتحاد العام للآثاريين العرب2536-982212120111201Travesty in Ancient EgyptTravestie im alten Ägypten109135279710.21608/jguaa.2011.2797ARMagda AbdallaProfessor bei der Philosophischen Fakultät der Kafr el-Sheikh Universität. Ich danke Prof. Dr. F.J. Quack und meiner Kollegin Claudia. Maderna-Sieben für ihre Hilfe bei der Überprüfung dieses Artikels.Journal Article20170503The article wants to try to prove that travesty was known to the ancient Egyptians. Evidence of travesty can be found in various texts such as fairy tales, fables and love poems on papyri and ostraca. First, however, it must be emphasized that there is a difference between the concept of travesty, in other words disguise, and that of metamorphosis, the changing of shape.Der Artikel möchte versuchen zu beweisen, dass den alten Ägyptern Travestie bekannt war. In verschiedenen Texten wie Märchen, Fabeln und Liebesgedichten auf Papyri und Ostraka, finden sich Belege von Travestie. Zuerst muss jedoch betont werden, dass es einen Unterschied zwischen dem Begriff der Travestie, mit anderen Worten der Verkleidung,<sup><sup>[1]</sup></sup> und dem der Metamorphose, dem Verwandeln der Gestalt,<sup><sup>[2]</sup></sup> gibt.<br /> <br clear="all" /><br /> <br /> [1] Tra.ve´stie: f. satirisch, Verspottung eines Literaturwerkes, bei der (im Unterschied zur Parodie) der Inhalt beibehalten und die Form verändert wird (frz. travestie „Verkleidung“; zu lat. trans „hinüber“+vestire, „kleiden“). G. Wahrig,. <em>Deutsches Wörterbuch, mit einem „Lexikon der deutschen Sprachlehre“</em>( München, 1987), 1292. Es gibt auch eine moderne Definition des Begriffes Travestie aus dem 17. Jahrhundert. Hier beinhaltet diese ein Verfahren oder eine kritische Zielsetzung.w.Karrer.,<em>Parodie Travestie, Pastiche </em>(München, 1977), 19, 46.<br /> <br /> <br /> [2] Me.ta.mor´pho.se <f.;Geol.> Umwandlung eines Gesteins in ein anderes; Wandlung des jungen Tieres durch verschiedene äußere Stadien; Verwandlung von Menschen in Tiere, Pflanzen, Quellen usw. (Deutsches Wörterbuch, 883.الاتحاد العام للآثاريين العرب واتحاد الجامعات العربية
بالتعاون مع بنك المعرفة المصريمجلة الإتحاد العام للآثاريين العرب2536-982212120111201The Conservation of an Ottoman Egyptian Percussion MuzzleloaderThe Conservation of an Ottoman Egyptian Percussion Muzzleloader136153279910.21608/jguaa.2000.2799ARMai RifaiConservation Department, Faculty of Archaeology, Cairo UniversityJournal Article20170503This study discusses the analysis and conservation of an Ottoman muzzleloader from the museum of the Faculty of Applied Arts, Helwan University (fig 1). It is a composite material which includes a wooden handle/stock embellished with silver pierced openwork fixed to the wood with silver nails and an incised silver butt-plate decorated with niello. The barrel is fluted and decorated with gilded floral patterns, a Quranic verse and a date 1271A.H. During cleaning the original Ottoman Egyptian silver hallmarks were recovered including an official standard for the purity of silver 80% and a monogram signature (tughra) of the reigning ruler. Non-destructive analyses of metal parts were performed using a portable X-ray Fluorescence while the silver and iron corrosion products were analyzed using X-ray diffraction. Further analyses of the silver was made possible by analyzing a detached silver nail using environmental ESEM+ EDS. FTIR was used to verify the presence of adhesives used for the application of gilding onto the steel barrel. The conservation was performed without disassembling the muzzleloader using minimum possible intervention due to the composite nature of the firearm.This study discusses the analysis and conservation of an Ottoman muzzleloader from the museum of the Faculty of Applied Arts, Helwan University (fig 1). It is a composite material which includes a wooden handle/stock embellished with silver pierced openwork fixed to the wood with silver nails and an incised silver butt-plate decorated with niello. The barrel is fluted and decorated with gilded floral patterns, a Quranic verse and a date 1271A.H. During cleaning the original Ottoman Egyptian silver hallmarks were recovered including an official standard for the purity of silver 80% and a monogram signature (tughra) of the reigning ruler. Non-destructive analyses of metal parts were performed using a portable X-ray Fluorescence while the silver and iron corrosion products were analyzed using X-ray diffraction. Further analyses of the silver was made possible by analyzing a detached silver nail using environmental ESEM+ EDS. FTIR was used to verify the presence of adhesives used for the application of gilding onto the steel barrel. The conservation was performed without disassembling the muzzleloader using minimum possible intervention due to the composite nature of the firearm.الاتحاد العام للآثاريين العرب واتحاد الجامعات العربية
بالتعاون مع بنك المعرفة المصريمجلة الإتحاد العام للآثاريين العرب2536-982212120111201The Frog in Ancient Egypt, with Unpublished Frog Statues, Amulets, and other Related Objects in the Agricultural and Mallawy Museums in EgyptThe Frog in Ancient Egypt, with Unpublished Frog Statues, Amulets, and other Related Objects in the Agricultural and Mallawy Museums in Egypt154173280010.21608/jguaa.2011.2800ARMarzouk Al-sayed Aman• Lecturer of Egyptology, Egyptology Department, Faculty of Arts, Assiut UniversityJournal Article20170503Frogs belong to the class of 'amphibians'. They are coldblooded animals, and they hibernate during winter. The life cycle of frogs begins with mating, laying eggs, developing into tadpoles in eggs, and then appearing as young frogs without tails. The frog was known in ancient Egypt as abnx, abxn, and qrr. The frog had a great role in ancient Egyptian mythology. It was connected with the mythology of creation. A number of gods and goddesses were connected with the frog such as Heqet, Ptah, Heh HHw ,Kek kkw , Nun nnw, and Amun mn. Frog amulets were worn by the living to provide fertility, and were buried with the dead to protect and rejuvenate them. Frogs were often mummified with the dead as magical amulets to ensure rebirth. An image of a frog was depicted on apotropaic wands, as its role was the protector of the house hold and guardian of pregnant women .With the official prevalence of Christianity in Egypt in the fourth century AD., the frog was still used as a Coptic symbol of resurrection and rebirth. In this paper, the author will try to publish some of the unpublished frog statues, amulets, and other related objects in the agricultural and Mallawy museums in Egypt.
<br /> Frogs belong to the class of 'amphibians'. They are cold-blooded animals, and they hibernate during winter. The life cycle of frogs begins with mating, laying eggs, developing into tadpoles in eggs, and then appearing as young frogs without tails. The frog was known in ancient Egypt as abnx, abxn, and qrr. The frog had a great role in ancient Egyptian mythology. It was connected with the mythology of creation. A number of gods and goddesses were connected with the frog such as Heqet, Ptah, Heh HHw ,Kek kkw , Nun nnw, and Amun Imn. Frog amulets were worn by the living to provide fertility, and were buried with the dead to protect and rejuvenate them. Frogs were often mummified with the dead as magical amulets to ensure rebirth. An image of a frog was depicted on apotropaic wands, as its role was the protector of the house hold and guardian of pregnant women .With the official prevalence of Christianity in Egypt in the fourth century AD., the frog was still used as a Coptic symbol of resurrection and rebirth. In this paper, the author will try to publish some of the unpublished frog statues, amulets, and other related objects in the agricultural and Mallawy museums in Egypt. الاتحاد العام للآثاريين العرب واتحاد الجامعات العربية
بالتعاون مع بنك المعرفة المصريمجلة الإتحاد العام للآثاريين العرب2536-982212120111201tructural Study and Evaluation of Previous Restoration Work of Mohammad 'Ali Pasha Mosque at the Citadel in Cairotructural Study and Evaluation of Previous Restoration Work of Mohammad 'Ali Pasha Mosque at the Citadel in Cairo174207280110.21608/jguaa.2011.2801ARYaser Yehya Amin Abdel-AtyLecturer at Cairo University, Faculty of Archaeology, Restoration Department(Egypt)Journal Article20170503Mohammad 'Ali Pasha Mosque at the Citadel in Cairo is considered one of the main landmarks in Egypt. It majestically stands at a northwestern bend of the Citadel and it is visible from numerous locations in Cairo. It has become the symbol of the Citadel, to the point that its name is given to the whole complex in the colloquial Egyptian parlance. This paper studies analytically the static and dynamic structural behavior of this great mosque using computer numerical modeling techniques, to reach the main reasons for past cracking and failures in its domed-roof and other structural elements, which occurred by the end of 19th Century. A number of 3D-models are analyzed to study the mosque, in both original and after restoration conditions, under static (i.e. dead and live loads) and dynamic (i.e. Eigenvector modal analysis, response-spectrum and time-history) cases of loading. Besides, structural evaluation of major restoration project, in 1930s, is conducted to determine the current structural safety status of the mosque.Mohammad 'Ali Pasha Mosque at the Citadel in Cairo is considered one of the main landmarks in Egypt. It majestically stands at a northwestern bend of the Citadel and it is visible from numerous locations in Cairo. It has become the symbol of the Citadel, to the point that its name is given to the whole complex in the colloquial Egyptian parlance. This paper studies analytically the static and dynamic structural behavior of this great mosque using computer numerical modeling techniques, to reach the main reasons for past cracking and failures in its domed-roof and other structural elements, which occurred by the end of 19th Century. A number of 3D-models are analyzed to study the mosque, in both original and after restoration conditions, under static (i.e. dead and live loads) and dynamic (i.e. Eigenvector modal analysis, response-spectrum and time-history) cases of loading. Besides, structural evaluation of major restoration project, in 1930s, is conducted to determine the current structural safety status of the mosque.