Architectural methods for covering Mihrabs in Andalusian architecture "an architectural & comparative study with Far Morocco"
Ahmed
dokmak
Faculty of Archeology, Cairo University, Cairo, (Egypt)
author
text
article
2016
ara
This research vestigates a new comparative architectural study about Andalusian – Moroccan mihrabs , similarities and differences through the remaining mihrabs from Umayyad era , kings of communities , Morabitin , Amohads , Beni Nasr , Al-Marenin ,Al-Saadin as well as showing the diversity in covering methods such as molluscous , lobed domes , stlactites domes , half lobed domes , octal , smooth , in addition to a study of architectural elements as their plan, arches, transition areas, types of domes , and comparing them with contemporary ones in Andalus and Morocco .
Maǧallaẗ Al-Itiḥād Al-ʿām Lil Aṯārīyin Al-ʿarab
General Union of Arab Archeologists & Federation of Arab University in Cooperation with The Egyptian Knowledge Bank (EKB).
2536-9822
17
v.
1
no.
2016
1
49
https://jguaa.journals.ekb.eg/article_3337_40781d889c5dc1a98773e4a858099c70.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/jguaa.2000.3337
Coinage Manufacture in Egypt in the Reign of Muhammad Ali (1220 – 1264 AH / 1805-1848 AD): A study of its Development and Effects on Coins.
osama
Mokhtar
Professor at Department of Islamic Numismatics, Sohag University – Faculty of Archaeology, Islamic Archaeology Department(Egypt)
author
text
article
2016
ara
This research sheds light on the development and effects of coinage manufacturing in Egypt during the period of Mohammed Ali and the impact on its manufacturing, which was firstly done by primitive hand tools producing low quality coinage whether in its general shape or in its inscription. The coinage manufacturing was developed to be made by machines producing good quality of coinage with clear inscription made in the middle of such coinage. This research has clarified the concept of the development of coinage manufacturing and its impact on its shape made by Mohammad Ali and the reasons motivated him to such development.The research also focused on conservations made by Mohammad Ali in The Ottoman Darbkhanah and his establishing to a new Darbkhanah in the year 1243 AH, for the purpose of improving the coinage manufacturing in Egypt to cope with the development of Coinage manufacturing in Europe at that time. In order to clarify this, this research has followed the comparative and analytical method by presenting the impact of the development in the coinage manufacturing before and after Mohammad Ali Era showing the clear difference in the shape and the inscription
Maǧallaẗ Al-Itiḥād Al-ʿām Lil Aṯārīyin Al-ʿarab
General Union of Arab Archeologists & Federation of Arab University in Cooperation with The Egyptian Knowledge Bank (EKB).
2536-9822
17
v.
1
no.
2016
38
83
https://jguaa.journals.ekb.eg/article_3341_570d7a22cefaf82fd0ac67df69fb10ce.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/jguaa.2000.3341
Bear in ancient Egypt from predynastic periods till the new kingdom period
Enas
Abdel Naiem
Assistant professor and Head of Tourism Guidance department in Higher Institute for Specific Studies - El Haram (Egypt)
author
text
article
2016
ara
This article examines the presence of the bear in ancient Egyptian civilization from predynastic periods till the time of the new kingdom, The ancient Egyptians know only one kind of bears, a Syrian Bear which called in ancient Egyptian language as Htmt, the Syrian race is yellowish-brown or greyish-white According to the different records, It was being brought either by hunting or trading or as a part of Syrian tribute, cause such these rare animals were entering joy and happiness to the kings and their families
Maǧallaẗ Al-Itiḥād Al-ʿām Lil Aṯārīyin Al-ʿarab
General Union of Arab Archeologists & Federation of Arab University in Cooperation with The Egyptian Knowledge Bank (EKB).
2536-9822
17
v.
1
no.
2016
84
97
https://jguaa.journals.ekb.eg/article_3342_12cf707b86e2af2e29f930712813ec8d.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/jguaa.2000.3342
Field writer (sS AHwt) and his job role Until the end of the 18th Dynasty
Rasha
El Sayed
faculty of Arts alexandria university(Egypt)
author
text
article
2016
ara
The sS AHwt is a title of ancient Egyptian titles of a special nature related to the economy of the state and its administrative affairs, like the rest of the titles that the number of ancient Egyptian, in his texts if he defined himself a manifestation of his functions, which are sometimes multiple, including the President and secondary, , Has collected the sS AHwt title and means "field writer" between those two cases.Although the text of the title of the field clerk did not mention the nature of his job in detail, even when referring to the text of the coffins, although the mere mention of the title of a kind of discrimination, the context of the title and was linked to specific signs of God Hwty is the following: sS AHwt ran + Hwty, which means "field clerk at the hands of Thus, the study will be limited to the mundane texts that can be traced through both personal and administrative until the end of the title in the eighteenth family, to determine the nature of the title through the titles that appeared in it, as well as the nature of the administrative texts themselves.
Maǧallaẗ Al-Itiḥād Al-ʿām Lil Aṯārīyin Al-ʿarab
General Union of Arab Archeologists & Federation of Arab University in Cooperation with The Egyptian Knowledge Bank (EKB).
2536-9822
17
v.
1
no.
2016
98
130
https://jguaa.journals.ekb.eg/article_3343_0f4c31623c892e28aa3419bf7a325370.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/jguaa.2000.3343
The Moringa Tree in Ancient Egypt
Seham El-Sayed Abd el Hameed
Essa
A Lecturer in Egyptology, Faculty of Arts, Kafrelsheikh University (Egypt)
author
text
article
2016
ara
AbstractThe Moringa tree has several names including ben oil tree, life tree, and left tree. The Moringa tree grows on arid and hot lands, and it is regarded as one of the most fast-growing trees as its height reaches up to 9-15 miter within three years' timing. The Moringa tree has such a high degree of nutrient value as its leaves contain anti-oxide bodies. As regards its seeds, they have 30-40% oil, which is known in Arabic as the ben oil; and it is characterized by its liquidity retention in low temperatures. The liquid is transparent and colorless, and it gets into the manufacturing of hair-caring products as well as the lubrication of machines .The tree has a present-day medical value as it helps in treating several diseases such as blood anemia and heart diseases, in addition to brain and nerve disorders.The Moringa tree was known in ancient Egypt as "bAq " and its significance came to the fore through its connections to some of the gods like "Ptah " one of whose titles was Xry bAq.f. Further, the title was associated with a number of other gods, including Horus, Set and Thut; and the tree was mentioned in the Dead Book in Chapters 17, 125, and 149. Besides, the Moringa oil was used in funerals throughout the Pharaohs' history. Also, the Moringa oil was used in the manufacturing of scent as well as for medical purposes.It use was mentioned as a prescription for improving skin texture and removing face wrinkles, headache, ear pains, tooth problems, stomach-ache, and curing wounds and eczema. Further, ancient Egyptians used the same oil in fending off insects and purifying the water. These aspects will be handled in the current study in detaiم
Maǧallaẗ Al-Itiḥād Al-ʿām Lil Aṯārīyin Al-ʿarab
General Union of Arab Archeologists & Federation of Arab University in Cooperation with The Egyptian Knowledge Bank (EKB).
2536-9822
17
v.
1
no.
2016
131
161
https://jguaa.journals.ekb.eg/article_3344_6c3831da76cfeec23196501ab26fdc72.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/jguaa.2000.3344
Acts of righteousness and charity to princes in the era of the Mameluke state of Gircassians
(From 784 to 923 e / 1382-1517)
Sherifa bint Rida bin Attia
al-Maliki
Researcher in History and Islamic Civilization - Makkah(Egypt)
author
text
article
2016
ara
Abstract:This research aims to identify part of the social role played by the princes in the era of the Mamluk state of Gircassians, which is the work of righteousness and charity, and to identify the aspects by which the princes approach God and the work of goodness, which is an important research path that focuses on highlighting the part From the life of the princes of the Jirkas state away from their political roles, both internally and externally, or military roles in conflicts between themselves or between them and the soldiers of the Sultan, as well as their roles in securing the property of the Mamluk state and other political and military aspects that Historians in y The study concluded with a number of results, the most important of which are: The keenness of many of the princes of the Jerksian era to perform the work of righteousness and charity in the hope of reward and closeness to God. The study showed the diversity of the manifestations of good deeds that were carried out by the princes of the age of the Jirksi; One of the human aspects of the life of the princes of the age of the Gircassian away from the harsh life that surrounded them and were exposed to plots and others; the study showed that the work of charity and the princes of the era of the era of the Gircassian were not limited to Cairo only as the capital, but was in the various cities and villages of the Mamluk state ; The study also pointed out that the charitable and religious establishments established by the princes of the Gregorian era were no less important in size than the sultans of the Mamluk state.
Maǧallaẗ Al-Itiḥād Al-ʿām Lil Aṯārīyin Al-ʿarab
General Union of Arab Archeologists & Federation of Arab University in Cooperation with The Egyptian Knowledge Bank (EKB).
2536-9822
17
v.
1
no.
2016
162
177
https://jguaa.journals.ekb.eg/article_3345_ee09f3788cc0e7c446d60555ebdd322b.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/jguaa.2000.3345
“Study of fawka’s door status, Bedjaia-Algeria, and the proposed plan of its resoration and preservation ”
Hanafi
Aicha
lecturer “A” archeology institute Algeris University 2 Espéspcialty :Islamic art (Egypt)
author
Musoni
majed
Master 2 student at the Institute of Archeology, University of Algiers 2(Algier)
author
nabil
bin warith
Master 1student at the Institute of Archeology, University of Algiers 2( Algier)
author
text
article
2016
ara
Bejaia is one of the distinctive capitals in Algeria because of its long history that its roots goes to the earliest periods of time, which the various civilizations that passed through varied diversity of historical stages.Hammadi presence in the historic march of Bejaia city is unique as it is one of the golden periods that the city knew in it a remarkable development in terms of trade and economic, political, and especially architecture, the learner about the Hammadine architecture noted many examples to what the Muslims has reached.and as the subject of our study is based on the architectural side,the effects of this state remained steadfast to this day , despite losing some of them and disappeared in the historic march subsequent city ,that is why we are working our best to preserve them and give them their historical position. and as it is an important element of the cultural heritage which the current generation inherited from our ancestors, it cannot be compensated for the lost or destroyed, the remains of the city walls and the “door of the sea”(bab bahr)and also “the door of the items” (bab albonod)of the most important hamadit state fingerprints in Bejaia.Since the remnants the Hammadit state are many we limited our study on one of its doors which is “the fawka door” who occupies an important position in the castle and it is considered as the main entrance for the castle from the northern West side, and this door has today become isolated alone stands in the center of the city, the learner of this door can notes such masterpiece is and the door shows how the architect could prove his ability in the regionalization of urbanization with the nature of the area. Plus to the defensive role that played it in the past and the touristic role that plays it now , and what hurts the most is the damage appearances that starts to show despite its resistance for a long time as it has not received any particular attention in the field of conservation and restoration.The importance of the “fawka door” requires research in the field of conservation and restoration for we can estimate the moments and historic monuments as it is a way to preserve the cultural heritage.Also negligence case that the ”fowka door” suffering from is taking it to disappearing ,and this is caused by several damage factors ,and that made us fear the demise of the monument plus to the random irrational interventions on the door like the use of the non-scientific methods which is increasing the distorted and destroyed.In order we maintain this door which is one the archeological remains that represent one of the thriving historical phases that has known in Bejaia , we have tried through this humble research to find a solution for the maintenance and valuation of this important monument in reading the history of this region
Maǧallaẗ Al-Itiḥād Al-ʿām Lil Aṯārīyin Al-ʿarab
General Union of Arab Archeologists & Federation of Arab University in Cooperation with The Egyptian Knowledge Bank (EKB).
2536-9822
17
v.
1
no.
2016
178
207
https://jguaa.journals.ekb.eg/article_3347_af0b5463cfbc6d87b9967ffc21b24e25.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/jguaa.2000.3347
The Goddess Matit MAty.t
and her Role in the Ancient Egyptian Religion
عبد الله
عبد الرازق عبد الحميد
استاذ الآثار المصرية القديمة المساعد بقسم الآثار -کلية الآداب جامعة أسيوط
author
text
article
2016
ara
Matit, MAty.t (also readMAity.t) was a lioness-goddess (like Hathor, Sekhmet of Memphis, Bastet of Bubastis, Mehyt of This and etc.), whose name probably meant “she the one who has the appearance of a lioness”, “The one that looks like a lioness” or“The Dismemberer”, as confirmed by the determinative of her name which is clearly visible in the inscriptions of those vast tombs where the nomarchs of the Sixth Dynasty were buried at the end of the Old Kingdom especially at Deir el-Gabrawi. She acted as the main deity of the Twelfth Nome of Upper Egypt, described as “the mistress of Iakemet”, before her counterpart, the falcon deity Nemty/Anty takes the first place. However, Matit was only of local importance usually represented in the animal form of a fierce warrior lioness or portrayed as a woman with a lioness’s head.In a scene of the funerary temple of Medinet Habu, of Ramses III, Matit was represented behind Nemty, in the form of a woman with a lioness head crowned with the solar disk. Later, the geographical lists of late temples, however, show that Matit not only retained her place to the end as goddess of the Nome, but had some reputation outside of it also at that period. She was found among the many gods who ensure the protection of Osiris in one of the chapels of the temple of Dendera. She is sometimes assimilated to the goddess Isis delivering her brother Seth to a place of internment so that he can no longer penetrate the city of Abydos.In the temple of Dendera, Matit also appears twice in the third Chapel of the Osirian Chapels, guarding the entrance leading to the chapel, she was firstly depicted as a woman with a lioness head armed with two knives, but in the second representation which is at the bottom of the chapel wall she is this time symmetrically opposed to the goddess Mehyt, on both sides of the body of Osiris, she is represented, in the fully zoomorphic aspect of an elongated lioness on a rectangular base with behind her a falcon that seems to be the son of Isis (Horus), the wings are open forward in a protective gesture, wearing a crown placed on horizontal ram horns and she does not have the tail wrapped around the thigh, an interesting detail already noted in the determinative of her name in the Old Kingdom, but here the tail was raised (drawn up) towards the back and returned over the back, like an angry cat waving the tail, which is probably a way to express the anger or fury of a formidable guardian.
Maǧallaẗ Al-Itiḥād Al-ʿām Lil Aṯārīyin Al-ʿarab
General Union of Arab Archeologists & Federation of Arab University in Cooperation with The Egyptian Knowledge Bank (EKB).
2536-9822
17
v.
1
no.
2016
208
244
https://jguaa.journals.ekb.eg/article_3348_fcb1bc226f28c3e8c11358a27b8dbf44.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/jguaa.2000.3348
A ritual of Calf 's foreleg amputation in Ancient Egypt
Emad Ahmed Ibrahim
El Sayyad
• Lecturer in the Department of History and Archaeology Faculty of Arts - Alexandria University,(Egypt)
author
text
article
2016
ara
Abstract:There is a general consensus among researchers that the wHm sign in hieroglyph does indeed represent an ox leg as was initially proposed by Alan Gardiner. However, this explanation raises several questions regarding the sign's true origin, as there is no archeological evidence pointing to scenes of an ox’s foreleg being amputated. In fact, no archeological source seems to reveal the role, use, or even appearance of an ox leg, which in turn necessitates that we re-examine the nature of this hieroglyphic sign, as it can reveal much about its intended purpose and meaning. To clarify, I would like to note the distinction between this foreleg and the famous ox thigh XpS present in scenes depicting funerals and everyday life in Ancient Egypt.In order to identify which animal this leg was amputated from and what this implies, we must first return to those scenes depicting cattle and their treatment by Ancient Egyptians. Indeed, various archeological sources reveal a somewhat harsh funerary practice in which a live calf’s foreleg is amputated just above the knee, to then be used as part of a funerary rite at the time of burial. More specifically, it appears that by being presented with the calf’s foreleg, the deceased is then able to be reborn in the afterlife.We knew that offering scenes and lists, doesn't contain any proofs to use a foreleg in their food, so that we can consider its existence in the passages of some private tombs, an important indication of its funerary role. This harsh ritual depicting in some tombs and funerary papyrus, the origin and indication of this ritual will be explain in the research
Maǧallaẗ Al-Itiḥād Al-ʿām Lil Aṯārīyin Al-ʿarab
General Union of Arab Archeologists & Federation of Arab University in Cooperation with The Egyptian Knowledge Bank (EKB).
2536-9822
17
v.
1
no.
2016
245
263
https://jguaa.journals.ekb.eg/article_3349_9aa7968e6c6d1bcf036321d5685226c0.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/jguaa.2000.3349
Funerary building and Libyan-Punic ideological practices
Farida
AMROUS
Lecturer _A_: Archéology Institute university Algiers II (Algiera)
author
text
article
2016
ara
Some funerary Libyan-Punic shrines contain special ideological accessories to practice rituals and beliefs; it has evolved from simple niche to a large tiled floor with wide corridors and facing the monument. Ancient societies knew a variety of funerary rituals practiced within graves and tombs.
Maǧallaẗ Al-Itiḥād Al-ʿām Lil Aṯārīyin Al-ʿarab
General Union of Arab Archeologists & Federation of Arab University in Cooperation with The Egyptian Knowledge Bank (EKB).
2536-9822
17
v.
1
no.
2016
264
275
https://jguaa.journals.ekb.eg/article_3350_6bb23a0adbe2334c7b24851d250a25c8.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/jguaa.2000.3350
Hammam al-Othmani in Homs
Architectural archaeological study
Mansour Mohammed
Abd El.Razek
Lecturer of Islamic archaeology at Faculty of archaeology, Cairo University, Islamic Department (Egypt)
author
text
article
2016
ara
This paper aims to study one of the survival Hammams in the city of Homs from Ottoman period. This study is considered to be the first one that allocated to study this hammam from architectural and archaeological sides. It also considered a complete documental study for the architectural units and elements of the hammam which are still surviving in a good statue. The study includes a discussion for dating the hammam. Also it includes a description for the units and elements of the hammam. The study refers to the different sources which supplied the hammam by water. The paper studies also the different ways which are used in heating the inside units. The study sheds the light on the effect of the Syrian revolution on the Hammam and urged to restore it. The study includes a number of illustration figures and photographic plates which are photographed by author, and published in this paper for the first time.
Maǧallaẗ Al-Itiḥād Al-ʿām Lil Aṯārīyin Al-ʿarab
General Union of Arab Archeologists & Federation of Arab University in Cooperation with The Egyptian Knowledge Bank (EKB).
2536-9822
17
v.
1
no.
2016
276
308
https://jguaa.journals.ekb.eg/article_3351_e8325011b0904055f62eb8d4eeb2cab5.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/jguaa.2000.3351
موسى
هيصام
أستاذ جامعي (أستاذ محاضر) وعميد کلية العلوم الإنسانية والاجتماعية (الجزائر)
author
text
article
2016
ara
Maǧallaẗ Al-Itiḥād Al-ʿām Lil Aṯārīyin Al-ʿarab
General Union of Arab Archeologists & Federation of Arab University in Cooperation with The Egyptian Knowledge Bank (EKB).
2536-9822
17
v.
1
no.
2016
309
331
https://jguaa.journals.ekb.eg/article_3352_4ceabae6512d02218e593cd931f60d7b.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/jguaa.2000.3352
The defensives Fortification in the city of Algeria in The Ottoman Period
model Tamentfoust tower
هجيرة
تمليکشت
معهد الآثار_جامعة الجزائر
author
text
article
2016
ara
Defense installations in Algeria during the ottoman era represent an important link to the history of the art of war in the modern era, which is the period of direct confrontation between oriental and western civilization. The Mediterranean coast was the focus of convergence between them. The ottoman strengthened so their defense.
The rulers of Algeria chose Tamentfoust site to build a tower for its strategic location that controls the entrance to basin Algeria from the east. The site has been the scene of many marine landing for a long time. The geographical nature of the site witch is sandy beach free of rocky islands that can hinder ships relegated, And it has been facing all marine Attacks that will destroy the city during the Ottoman era, and many of them were Spanish such as " Charles Quint " campaign on the year 948 AH / 1541 CE, "O'Reilly" campaign on the year 1190 AH / 1775 AD, and Don Antonio Parsilo first and second years ( 1197 e -1198 e / 1783-1784m), and so rulers become aware of the need to fortify this point by building the tower "Tamentfoust" and to intensify the external defense of the city of Algiers, the tower was assigned to protect the port,-alternately with the port of Algiers-, as well as the protection of the western shore of Tamentfoust which is an important sector for ground landings, especially in the summer, where its shores water offers tranquility are well-protected from the winds and the North East if the above fleet to dock, endangering inevitably shells artillery, as it was It is a transit point for the fleets of the in and out of the marina point, as assigned to him firing shots honorary salute and receive important rulers.
The tower also includes various necessary military facilities, it came from an octagon otherwise built in Algiers during the Ottoman period and this format gives him similar privileges circular immunization, because the defenders of the zodiac find this freedom and speed when they try to spin the tower, as it provided all defense facilities is It contains a huge count of artillery guns openings interspersed with openings directed by land and sea, along with drawbridge and moat and refractor, which hampers anyone who tries to attack the dungeon entrance.
Maǧallaẗ Al-Itiḥād Al-ʿām Lil Aṯārīyin Al-ʿarab
General Union of Arab Archeologists & Federation of Arab University in Cooperation with The Egyptian Knowledge Bank (EKB).
2536-9822
17
v.
1
no.
2016
332
353
https://jguaa.journals.ekb.eg/article_3354_e2f87f101ec5e743ab5362c76ee4290d.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/jguaa.2000.3354
A Study of Islamic Painting on Mina’i Ceramics in Light of Unpublished Objects Reserved in Sharjah Museum for Islamic Civilization, UAE
Hanaa M.
Adly
Associate Professor, Department of Archaeology and Civilization Faculty of Arts, Helwan University(Egypt)
author
text
article
2016
ara
The "Mina'i" ceramics in the period of study provides comprehensive collections which include human and animal figures whether as symbols of power and prosperity. The figures were in high dynamic movements such as; scenes of hunting, horse riding. The study focuses on the harmony in shape and design, the way of representing the figures face details, movements, cloth, and how other decorative elements were added and linked to the human figures which was precisely designed in a very small area and repeated with details. By analyzing the very character of Islamic designs on Mina'i ceramics, a new classification deducted some new results.One of the most important objectives of the research would be studying unpublished objects of Persian Mina'i (enameled) ceramics. The unpublished objects in the mentioned period selected for the study described, classified, analyzed and dated to lead to the fact that the art produced by and for Muslim societies was mixed with pre-existing artistic traditions that enrich the Muslim patrons.The research focused on the following: (i) a detailed comparative study among Sharjah Museum collection and a similar one in different museums in Egypt and USA such as Freer Gallery in Washington, Victoria and Albert Museum (ii) discussion, comparison and clarifying the brilliancy of Muslim artists in conveying their ideas in human figures decoration (iii) study and publish a group of unpublished objects.
Maǧallaẗ Al-Itiḥād Al-ʿām Lil Aṯārīyin Al-ʿarab
General Union of Arab Archeologists & Federation of Arab University in Cooperation with The Egyptian Knowledge Bank (EKB).
2536-9822
17
v.
1
no.
2016
354
430
https://jguaa.journals.ekb.eg/article_3355_15a31073fb7e49fc76500fe0e6014925.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/jguaa.2000.3355
The symbolism of illustration the postures of common people during feasts and ceremonies in ancient Egypt
Hayam Hafez
Rawash
Lecturer faculty of Archaeology, Egyptology department– Cairo University (Egypt)
author
text
article
2016
ara
The first sight to the ancient Egyptian feasts and ceremonies gives the impression that the attendance in it was exclusive to the members of high class, while through consideration, we can deduce that the ancient Egyptian used the symbolism in illustration the attendance of common people in ancient Egyptian feasts and ceremonies.This employer symbol was the (rxyt) bird, the main element in the word which means "common people" in ancient Egyptian language. Through reviewing the scenes of illustration the attendance of common people in ancient Egyptian feasts and ceremonies; we note that the ancient Egyptian used the symbolism not only in illustration the attendance of common people but also in illustration their postures, they were illustrated in three symbolic postures as follows:1-Common people in "worshipping and praising posture" dwA"2- Common people in submission and homage posture " wSd or swAS "" 3- Common people in acclamation and dance posture" hnw
Maǧallaẗ Al-Itiḥād Al-ʿām Lil Aṯārīyin Al-ʿarab
General Union of Arab Archeologists & Federation of Arab University in Cooperation with The Egyptian Knowledge Bank (EKB).
2536-9822
17
v.
1
no.
2016
431
456
https://jguaa.journals.ekb.eg/article_3356_10b74d546f73e89abe734fd33098bedf.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/jguaa.2000.3356
Determination Study of firing temperature degree for some of pottery vessels as a scientific basis for diagnosis of their phenomena of deterioration (Tel al-samara - pre dynastic - Case Study)
Walid Kamel Ali
Elghareb
Faculty of Archaeology, Aswan University(Egypt)
author
text
article
2016
ara
Firing temperature degree of some pottery has been determined from Tel al-samara in Dakahlia through their examination and analysis by polarized microscope "PLM", scanning electron microscope SEM,X-ray diffraction XRD and thermal analysis TGA where the search proved that the used clay is Nile clay, the tempers are sand ,burnt straw, grog and limestone powder. The research also proved that the firing atmosphere for the first and second sample was oxidized for presence of hematite" Fe2O3" and diopside" CaMgSi2O6" but for the third sample was reduced by the presence of magnetite" Fe3O4" . The search proved different firing temperature degree of pottery where it was about 850 c5 for the first sample, approximately 745 c5 for the second, and approximately 673 c5 for the third sample, it is confirmed by the loss in the sample weight was almost constant in this temperature range. The research proved a relationship between the firing temperature of pottery samples and their mechanical and physical properties as high firing temperature for the first sample pottery caused containing diopside as a glass phase filling the pores indicating a decrease in its water absorption property and poor porosity. The rate, mechanism deterioration and treatment depend on the properties resulting firing temperature and atmosphere for archaeological pottery.
Maǧallaẗ Al-Itiḥād Al-ʿām Lil Aṯārīyin Al-ʿarab
General Union of Arab Archeologists & Federation of Arab University in Cooperation with The Egyptian Knowledge Bank (EKB).
2536-9822
17
v.
1
no.
2016
457
479
https://jguaa.journals.ekb.eg/article_3357_f3cc7c953522f7e277e9275682faf9fb.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/jguaa.2000.3357
Alatam (forts) south of Taif
"Archaeological study of architectural"
yasser
Ismail abdel salam
Professor of Islamic Archeology - Faculty of Archeology - Cairo University (Egypt)
author
text
article
2016
ara
Interested in this research study Alatam "forts" in southern Taif Building, where the researcher studying the thirteen Otma "fortress" survived a field study extends geographically from Taif north to the area of Bani Saad, a distance of about 80 km, this Alatam distributed at varying distances, and in accordance with As imposed by geographic region.The researcher recording, documenting, and analyze its inclusion this style of defense installations of units and architectural elements, in addition to shedding light on the factors affecting the architecture of this type of buildings tower south of Taif, and the statement of the importance of and the reasons for building this Alatam and locations, with a rating clearly schemes the remaining models in the region under study architecture after lifting her, and left untouched from the architectural elements and functional.The study concluded to a range of outcomes, including:Most of Atam (forts) south of Taif subject of the study was built according to the two types main match two decks in terms of planning: First, from a square or rectangular divided into a hall or halls lead by Asttrac, the second mode: from a square or rectangular is divided from the inside, and includes every few models pattern.- The study showed that the size and space Alotm building linked by location, and lock it from the population centers and tribes and distributed to residential areas.-The study confirmed that it took into account in the construction of this style of defense and engineering buildings on geographical grounds ultra-fine to meet the jobs that you do, especially security and defense jobs.-The study showed the multiplicity of communication and movement elements in Atam (Atam) Taif, the most important of which entrances, and the element of the stairs, and openings of various kinds.- The study demonstrated that Otam "fortresses" south of Taif subject of the study of which is the collective facilities to ensure members of the tribe or clan or abdominal attacks of enemies, some of which is individual facilities to ensure the availability of a person's privacy for him and his property, and reflect social status.- The study demonstrated that Atam south of Taif subject of the study were used temporarily for a period not long
Maǧallaẗ Al-Itiḥād Al-ʿām Lil Aṯārīyin Al-ʿarab
General Union of Arab Archeologists & Federation of Arab University in Cooperation with The Egyptian Knowledge Bank (EKB).
2536-9822
17
v.
1
no.
2016
470
534
https://jguaa.journals.ekb.eg/article_3608_8b2ec73a711567a8465949b2342e68cf.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/jguaa.2018.3608