دراسة لأهم مظاهر وميکانيکية تلف بعض العناصر المعمارية والزخرفية بمسجد احمد البجم (692هـ / 1231م) ابيار - محافظة الغربية – مصر

نوع المستند : المقالة الأصلية

المؤلفون

1 قسم ترميم الآثار, کلية الآثار, جامعة الفيوم.(مصر)

2 قسم ترميم الآثار, کلية الآثار, جامعة الفيوم. (مصر)

المستخلص


يهدف هذا البحث إلي دراسة لأهم مظاهر وميکانيکية تلف بعض العناصر المعمارية والزخرفية لمسجد أحمد البجم (692هـ / 1231م) بقرية ابيار مرکز کفر الزيات - محافظة الغربية - مصر، وقد اعتمدت هذه الدراسة علي الزيارات والملاحظات الحقلية المتکررة لهذا المسجد, إضافة إلي دراسة الترکيب المعدني لمواد البناء المستخدمة في هذه الزخارف (الطوب المنجور, الرخام, الجرانيت, المونة والکحلة) وذلک باستخدام الميکروسکوب المستقطب والميکروسکوب الالکتروني الماسح وحيود الأشعة السينية والتحليل الکيميائي, کما تم دراسة الخواص الفيزيائية والميکانيکية للطوب المنجور، وقد بينت نتائج هذه الدراسة عن وجود ضعف شديد بالطوب المنجور حيث وصلت مقاومته للضغط إلي ما يقرب من 4.2 ميجا بسکال وتحمله للشد إلي اقل من واحد ميجا بسکال (5.8کجم/سم2), إضافة إلي وجود العديد من مظاهر التلف: مثل تزهر أملاح کلوريد الصوديوم علي أسطح الطوب المنجور والأعمدة الرخامية والجرانيتية, وشروخ دقيقة بالأعمدة الرخامية, بالإضافة إلي قشور سطحية بالأعمدة الجرانيتية وذلک نتيجة لتعرض العناصر المعمارية والزخرفية بمسجد احمد البجم إلي التجوية الفيزيائية والفيزوکيميائية والکيميائية إضافة إلي عمليات الترميم الخاطئة.
This research aims to study the most important types of deterioration and their deterioration mechanism of the architectural and decorative elements of the mosque Ahmed Al bajm (692 AH / 1231) in the village of Abyaar, Kafr El-Zayat, Al garbih governorate, Egypt. This research depends on the  field and visual observation, climatic data, in addition to study of the mineralogical composition of the building materials (El Mangor brick, marble, granite, mortar and pointing) used in the architectural and decorative elements by polarizing and scanning electron microscopes, X-ray diffraction and chemical analysis. Also the physical and mechanical properties of El Mangor brick are studied. The results of this study showed that El Mangor Brick of Ahmed Abajm mosque is a weak Brick, where its uniaxial  compression strength arrived to 4. 2 MPa and tensile strength is less than 1 MPa (5,8 kg/cm2). in addition to many types of deterioration such as: Efflorescence of sodium chloride outside the walls of El Mangor brick and the Granite and marble columns, micro and macro-cracks in the marble columns, exfoliation in granite columns, due to the exposed of the architectural and decorative elements of the mosque Ahmed Al bajm to the physical, physiochemical and chemical weathering, in addition to the false restoration.

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