A Study of Unpublished Thamudic Inscriptions from Fardat Al-Shamoos Mount, Hail, KSA

Document Type : Original Article

Author

Hist. Dept. Faculty of Arts- Damanhour University, (Egypt)

Abstract


In this research paper, the researcher presents a set of Thamudic inscriptions that will be published for the first time from Fardat Al-Shamoos Mountain of Hail region in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
The paper begins with the linguistic definition of the words of Fardat and Al-Shamoos and clarifies the geographical location of that Mountain. In addition, the research studies the literary writings about Hail Mountain. Besides, it displays the unknown inscriptions. Finally, the paper reflects the inscriptions’’ texts of prayers, affection and property. Needless to say that those inscriptions reflected the Thamudic human life in this region

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

References:
Arabic references:
-   al-Iskandarī, Abū al-Fatḥ Naṣr bin ʿAbd al-Raḥman, ( D:561A.H), kitāb al-ʾmkinā waʾlmiyāh waʾlǧibāl waʾlʾaṯār wa naḥwhā al-maḏkwrh fī al-ʾaẖbār waʾlʾšʿār, 1st ed., ʾaʿad lilnašr Ḥamad al-ǧāsir, vol.2 , Riyadh: Maktaābit al-malik fahd al-waṭanīya, 1424A.H/2004A.D.
- Iskūbī, H̱ālid bin Muḥamad ʿAbās, «al-Nuqūš al-ṯamūdīya baīn al-ḥaǧar waʿaqīlat ʾum ẖanāṣir  Dirāsa taḥlilīya muqārana», PhD Thesis, Department of Archeology and Museums, facultyof Arts, King Saud University, 1425A.H/ 2004A.D.
- Iskūbī, H̱ālid bin Muḥamad ʿbās, Dirāsa taḥlilīya muqārana li nuqūš ṯamūdīya min mantiqat ram baīn ṯalyṯwāt wa qyʿān al-ṣanīʿǧanūb ġarb taīmāʾ,  Riyad: ʾiṢdarāt darat al-malik ʿabd al-ʿazyz, Silsilat al-rasaʾil al-ǧāmiʿīya-26, 1425A.H/ 2004A.D.
- al-ʾAndalusī, ʿabdullah bin ʿabd al-ʿazyz al-bakry, (D:487A.H), Muʿǧam maʾistuʿgam min ʾsmāʾ al-bilād wʾl mawāḍiʿ, vol.1, Taḥqīq muṣṭafā al-saqā, Beirut: ʿālam al-Kutub , d.t.
- al-Bakr, Fahd ibrahīm saʿd, «Mantiqat al-ġabalīn fī al-šiʿr al-ʿarabī al-qadīm, Muqaranā adabīya(Tariẖīya ǧuġrafīya)», magazine Taiba University for Literature and Human Sciences, no.17, 1440A.H.
- Bilḥāf, ʿAmir fāʾil muḥamad, Mahrā fī maṣādir al-luġah wʾalʾadab( lisānuhā- ʾibilihā- ṭāʾifa min ʾẖbāriha), Sana'a :Maktabat ṣalaḥ al-dīn, , 2018.
- Ibn Balhīd, Muḥamad bin ʿabdullah, Ṣaḥīḥ al-ʾẖbār ʿamā fī bilād al-ʿarab min al-ʾaṯār, 3rd ed., vol.1, Riyad: Dār ʿabd al-ʿazyz ʾāl husaīn liʾlnašr waʾltawzīʿ, 1418A.H.
- Ǧārārid, ʾAndrw wa hārfī K.B.D, Aḥwāl  al-bīʾā waʾl-istyṭān fī al-ʿaṣraīn: al-bilāystūsynī waʾl hūlūsynī fī ǧiba biʾlnufūd al-kabīr bišamāl ǧazīrat al-ʿarab, Iṭlāl, no.5, 1981.
- al-Ǧāsir, Ḥamad, al-muʿgam al-ǧuġrāfī liʾl bilād al-ʿarabīya al-suʿūdīya šamāl al-mamlakam vol.1, Riyad: Dār al-yamāmā liʾl baḥṯ waʾl tarǧama waʾl našr, 1397A.H/ 1978A.D.
- ................., fī Šamāl ġarb al-ǧazīra Nuṣūṣ mušāhadāt inṭibāʿāt,1st ed., Damascus: Dār al-yamāmā liʾl našr waʾl taūzīʿ, 1390A.H/ 1970A.D.
- Ḥusnī, Muḥammad ʿAlī, Taḥrīr muʿalaqat lubaīd bin rabyʿa, Abu Dhabi: Dār al-kutub al-waṭanīya, 2012.
-  al-Ḥamawī, Yāqūt bin ʿAbdullah, Muʿǧam al-buldān, vol (2,3,4,5), Beirut: Dār ṣadir, 1397A.H/ 1977.
- Darwīš, Muḥsin Hāšim, «Lahǧat ṯamūd baīn al-ḥaqīqa waʾl-wahm», Journal of Linguistic and Literary Studies, 2001, 61-75.
- Ibn Duraīd, Abū Bakr Muḥamad al-Ḥasan, (D: 321A.H), al-ʾIštiqāq, Taḥqīq:ʿAbd al-Salām Muḥamad Hārūn, Beirut: Dār al-ǧīl, 1411A.H/1991.
- al-Dilīmī, Ḥalīm Ḥammād, al-Hadīya fī fiqh al-luġa al-ʿarabīya, 1st ed., Oman: Dār ġaīdār liʾl našr waʾl tawzīʿ, 2012.
-  al-Ḏīb, Sulaīmān Bin ʿAbd al-Raḥmān, al-Nuqūš al-daʿawīya fī al-kitābāt al-ṯamūdīya bi mantiqat ḥāʾil, Saudi Arabia, Markaz al-malik Fīṣal liʾl buḥūṯ waʾl dirāsāt al-ʾislāmīya(10), Riyad: Maktabat King Fahd al-waṭanīya, 1438A.H/ 2014A.D.
- al-Ḏīb, Sulaīmān Bin ʿAbd al-Raḥmān, Dirāst Firīdrīk Wynīt li nuqūš ṯamūdīya min mantiqat ḥāʾil: Dirasa taḥlilīya, Markaz al-malik Fīṣal liʾl buḥūṯ waʾl dirāsāt al-ʾislāmīya(1), Riyad: Maktabat King Fahd al-waṭanīya, 1435A.H/ 2014A.D.
- al-Ḏīb, Sulaīmān Bin ʿAbd al-Raḥmān, Dirāsa li nuqūš ṯamūdīya min ǧuba bi ḥāʾil, Saudi Arabia, Riyad: Maktabat King Fahd al-waṭanīya, 1421A.H/ 2000A.D.
- al-Ḏīb, Sulaīmān Bin ʿAbd al-Raḥmān, Qirāʾāt al-ḥayā al-ʾiǧtimaʿīya qabl al-mīlād fīḍūʾ al-nuqūš al-ṯamūdīya   fī mantiqat ḥāʾil, Markaz al-malik Fīṣal liʾl buḥūṯ waʾl dirāsāt al-ʾislāmīya(9), Riyad: Maktabat King Fahd al-waṭanīya, (1438A.H/ 2017A.D).
- al-Ḏīb, Sulaymān Bin ʿAbd al-Raḥmān, Nuqūš ṯamūdīya min al-mamlaka al-ʿarabīya al-suʿūdīya, Riyadh: Maṭbūʿāt Maktabat King Fahd al-waṭanīya, (1420 A.H/ 1999A.D).
- al-Rūsān, Maḥmūd Muḥammad, al-Qabāʾil al-ṯamūdīya waʾl ṣafawīya dirāsa muqārna, 2nd ed., Riyadh: King Saud Universitym, (1412A.H/ 1992A.D).
-  Šaṭnāwī, Munīr Taīsīr, «Tatūr "ha" ʾila "hamza" fī ʾadāt al-taʿrīf "ʾal" fī ḍūʾ ẓāhirataī al-taʿrīf waʾl išāra fī al-luġāt al-sāmia», Human and Social Sciences Studies, vol.32, no2, 2005, 322-331.
- Ṭilfāḥ, Aḥmad Sālim Aḥmad, «al-ʾAlihā ʿind al-ṯamudīn», Master Thesis, Institute of Archeology and Anthropology, Yarmouk University, 1993.
-ʿUmāīra, Ismāʿīl Aḥmad, Ẓāhirat al-taʾnīṯ baīn  al-luġa al-ʿarabīya waʾl luġāt al-sāmya dirāsa laġawīya taʾṣīiīya, 2nd ed,  Amman, Dār ḥuzaīn, 1993.
- al-Qaḥṭānī, Muḥammad Saʿd ʿAbduh Ḥasan, «ʾaliha al-Yaman al-qadīma al-raʾisīya wa rumūzahā ḥatā al-qarn al-rābiʿ al-mīlādy(Dirāsa ʾaṯarīya tāriẖīya)», Ph.D, Department of archaeology, college of Literature/ college of Literature, 1997A.D.
- al-Qirm, Tawfīq Maḥmūd, «ʾasmāʾ al-ʾaʿlām al-murakaba maʿa ʾasmāʾ al-ʾaliha fī al-nuqūš al-sabīʾa mustaqā min sigil al-nuqūš al-sāmiya(RES)«, Master Thesis in Literature, Institute of Archeology and Anthropology, Yarmouk University, 1415A.H/ 1994A.D.
-  al-Kaǧarāty, Muḥammad Ṭāhir al-Ṣadīqī al-Hindī al-Fatnī, (D: 986A.H), Muǧamaʿ biḥār al-ʾanwār fīġarāʾib al-tanzīl wa laṭāʾif al-ʾaẖbār, vol.4, India: Maṭbaʿat maǧlis Dāʾirat al-maʿārif al-ʿuṯmanīya di ḥaīdār ʾabād al-dikan, 1387A.H/ 1967A.D.
- Maḥmūd, Rāǧiḥ Zāhir Muḥamad, «al-ʾAlqāb al-rāsmīya fī nuqūš al-musnad al-sabiʾīya al-qadīma», Master Thesis, Qism al-ǧazīra al-ʿarabīya, The Higher Institute for the Civilizations of the Ancient Near East/ Zagazig University, 1996A.D.
- al-Madanī, Muḥamamd bin Isḥāq bin Yasār al-Maṭlabī, (D:151A.H), al-sīra al-nabawīya, Taḥqīq ʾAḥmad Farīd al-Mazīdī, vol.1, Beirut: Dār al-kutub al-ʿilmīya, (1424A.H/ 2004A.D).
- المعانى، سلطان، “أسماء الأعلام في النقوش العربية الشمالية (الثمودية والصفاوية واللحيانية)”، مجلة دراسات تاريخية، ع 83- 84، 2003، 77- 108.
- al-Maʿānī, Sulṭān, «ʾAsmāʾ al-ʾaʿlām fī al-nuqūš al-ʿarabīya al-šamālīya( al-ṯamūdīya waʾl ṣafawīya waʾl liḥanīya)» , The Journal of Historical Studies, no 83-84, 2003, 77-108.
- Ibn Manẓūr, Muḥammad Makram, Lisān al-ʿarab, Cairo: Dār al-maʿārif, 1981.
- al-Hamadānī Zayn al-Dīn, Abū Bakr Muḥammad bin ʿUṯmān al-Ḥāzimī(D:584), al-ʾAmakin ʾw ma itafaq laẓuh waʾiftaraq musamāh min al-ʾamkina, Reviwed by: Ḥamad Muḥamad al-ǧasir, Dār al-yamāma liʾl baḥṯ waʾltarǧama waʾlnašr, 1415A.H.
- Yaʿīš, Muwafaq al-Dīn,(D: 643A.H), Šarḥ al-mufaṣal, vol.1, Beirut: ʿ Alam al-kutub, d.t.
foreign references
- Ababneh, M.I., Neue Safaitische Inschriften und deren Bildliche Darstellung, Semitica et Semitohamitica Berolinensia, 6 Aachen: Shaker, 2005.
- Abbadi, Ṣ, ‘‘A New Safaitic Inscription Dated to 12–9 BC’’. Studies in the History and Archaeology of Jordan VII, 2001, 481- 484.
- Ali Al-Manaser, Macdonald. M C. A., The OCIANA Corpus of Safaitic  Inscriptions Preliminary Edition, in: The Online Corpus of  the Inscriptions of Ancient North  Arabia, Edited By Michael C. A. Macdonald and others, Oxford, 2017.
- Al-Jallad, A.M.,  An Outline of the Grammar of the Safaitic Inscription, Studies in Semitic Languages and Linguistics, 80, Leiden: Brill, 2015.
- Al-Manāsīr A.Y.Kh., Ein Korpus Neuer Safaitischer Inschriften aus Jordanien, Semitica et Semitohamitica Berolinensia, 10, Aachen: Shaker, 2008.
- Arbach. M., Les Nomes Propres du Corpus Inscriptionum Semiticarum, Inventaire des Inscriptions Sudarabiques, Tome 7, Paris, 2002.
- Clark, V. A, A Study of New Safaitic Inscriptions from Jordan,  Ph.D Thesis, University of Melbourne:Australia, 1980.
- Corbett, G. J, Mapping the Mute Immortals: A Locational and Contextual Analysis of Thamudic E/ Ḥismaic Inscriptions and Rock Drawing from the WādīḤafīr of Southern Jordan, Ph.D Thesis,University of Chicago, 2010.
- Harding. G. L, An Index and Concordance of Pre-Islamic Arabian Names and Inscriptions, Toronto, University Toronto Press, 1971.
- …………….., ‘‘The Cairn of Hani'’’, Annual of the Department of Antiquities of Jordan II, 1953, 8- 56.
- ……………. & Littmann, E, Some Thamudic Inscriptions from the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, Leiden: Brill, 1952.
- Huber, C., Journal d'un Voyage en Arabie, (1883 -1884). Paris, 1891.
- Jamme, A., Miscellanées d'Ancient Arabe, II. Washington, 1971.
- ………….... Miscellanées d'Ancient Arabe, VII, Washington, 1974.
- Jobling, W. J., ‘‘The Seventh Season of the ʿAqaba-Maʿan Survey’’, Liber Annus 37, 1987, 376-379.
- King, G. M. H, Early North Arabian Thamudic E. A Preliminary Description Based on a New Corpus of Inscriptions from the Ḥismā Desert of Southern Jordan and Published Material, Ph.D Thesis, School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London,  1990.
- Kootstra, F., The Language of the Taymanitic Inscriptions and its Classification, Arabian Epigraphic Notes 2, 2016, 67–140.
- Lane, E.W, An Arabic-English Lexicon, Derived from the Best and Most Copious Eastern Sources, (Volume 1 in 8 parts [all published]). London: Williams & Norgate, 1863-1893.
- Macdonald, M.C.A, ‘‘North Arabian Epigraphic Notes I’’, Arabian Archaeology and Epigraphy, 3, 1992, 23-43.
- Macdonald, M.C.A., ‘‘Herodian Echoes in the Syrian Desert’’. 285-290, In, Trade, Contact, and the Movement of Peoples in the Eastern Mediterranean, Studies in Honour of J. Basil Hennessy, edited by S. Bourke & J. P. Descoeudres , Mediterranean Archaeology. Supplement, 3, Sydney: Mediterranean Archaeology, 1995.
- María del Carmen Hidalgo-Chacón Diez and others., The OCIANA Corpus of Hismaic Inscriptions Preliminary Edition, in: The Online Corpus of  the Inscriptions of Ancient North  Arabia, Edited By Michael C. A. Macdonald and others, Oxford, 2017.
- María del Carmen Hidalgo-Chacón Diez, Macdonald. M C. A., The OCIANA Corpus of Taymanitic Inscriptions Preliminary Edition, in: The Online Corpus of  the Inscriptions of Ancient North  Arabia, Edited By Michael C. A. Macdonald and others, Oxford, 2017.
- Shatnawi, M. A., Die Personennamen in den ṯamudischen Inschriften. Eine Lexikalish-grammatische Analyse im Rahmen der Gemeinsemitischen Namengebung, in: Ugarit-Forschungen Internationales Jahrbuch für die Altertumskunde Syrien-Palästinas, Band 34, 2002, Ugrit-Verlag Münster, 2003.
- Stark, J. K., Personal Names in Palmyrene Inscriptions, Oxford, 1971.
- Van Den Branden, A, Les Inscriptions Thamoudéennes, Bibliothèque du Muséon, 25, Louvain: Institut Orientaliste de l'Université de Louvain, 1950.
- Winnett, F.V, «A Reconsideration of Some Inscriptions from the Tayma Area», Proceedings of the Seminar for Arabian Studies 10, 1980, 133-140.
- ……………., A Study of the Liḥyanite and Thamudic Inscriptions, University of Toronto Studies Oriental Series, 3 ,Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1937.
- …………….., ‘‘Studies in Thamudic’’ Journal of the College of Arts, King Saud Univ12, No. 1, 1985. 1- 58.
 
 

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics