Two Unpublished Rock Art and Nawamis Sites in Sinai "(Wadi Al-Zaranij), "Gebl EL-Gunna"

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Lecturer at College of Archeology and Tourism Guidance, Department of Arab-Peninsula Archaeology, Misr University For science &Technology (EGYPT)

2 General Director of the General Administration of Prehistoric Archaeology- Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities, (Egypt.)

Abstract

This research dealt with the study and publication of two archaeological sites that have not been published before in the Sinai Peninsula, including a very distinctive site of rock inscriptions dated for different periods of time, namely "Wadi Al-Zaranij", and the second site of the area of Gebl EL Gunna, which contains a new collection of Nawamis.
Also, The study followed the international scientific standards to date rock inscriptions in order to determine the correct and as specific history of the rock inscriptions at the site of "Wadi Al-Zaranij" and to identify the methods used to carry out these inscriptions and to know their functional significance, and it became clear through the study that the site of "Wadi Al-Zaranij" contains classifications of the most important and rarer rock inscriptions in the Sinai Peninsula, both those dated For the Neolithic period or dated later times, to join to the lists of sites of newly discovered rock drawings and inscriptions in Egypt that must be listed as world heritage sites.

Keywords

References

References
:Arabic references
- Abū Ġanīma, H̱ālid, Muʿǧam muṣṭalaḥāt mā qabl al-tārīẖ, Jordan: Faculty of Archeology and Anthropology/ Yarmouk University, 2009.
- Ibn Manẓūr, al-Imām Abū al-Faḍl Ǧamāl al-Dīn Muḥammad bin Mukrim al-Ifrīqī al-Miṣrī, Lisān al-ʿarab, vol.10-15, Beirut: Dār ṣādir, 1955- 1956A.D.
- Ibn AbūZayīd, Liẖiḍr, «al-Ǧumal fī mā qabl al-tārīẖ al-šamāl al-ifrīqī»,Revue des sciences de l homme et de la société 6 , Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences/ Mohamed Khider University of Biskra, 2013.
- Abū al-ʿAzm, Hānī Aḥmad, «al-Nawāmīs fī Saynāʾ ẖilāl al-alfīya al-rābiʿa qabl l-mīlād wa muqārantihā bi maṯīlatihā fī Miṣr, Dirāsa aṯarīya», Master Thesis, Faculty of Archeology / Cairo University, 2017.
- Abū Rās, Šaʿbān ʿAlī& Wāṯiq Ismāʿīl al-Ṣāliḥī, «al-ʾAnbāṭ wa ʿilāqatihim biʾl-imbrāṭūrīya al-Rūmānīya (30B.C- 106A.D)»,  Sanaa University, 2004.
- al-Ǧamīlī, H̱uḍīr ʿAbbās, «ʿIlāqāt dawlat al-ʾanbāṭ bi Miṣr fī ẓil al-iḥtilālayīn al-baṭlamī waʾl-rūmānī (313B.C- 106A.D)», Maǧallat al-adāb 60, Faculty of Arts / University of Baghdad, 2002.
- al-Hāǧrī, Maḥmūd Yūsuf, «al-Taqrīr al-awwalī liʾl-tanqībāt al-aṯarīya bi mawqiʿ ruǧūm ṣaʿṣaʿ- Taymāʾ al-mūsim al-ṯānī A.H», Maǧallat ʾaṭlā l 18, General Commission for Tourism& Antiquities, Antiquities and Museums Sector, 2005.
- al-Hāšimī, Riḍā Ǧawādna, «Tārīẖ al-ibil fī ḍūʾ al-muẖallafāt al-aṯārīya waʾl-kitābāt al-qadīma», Maǧallat al-adāb, Faculty of Arts / University of Baghdad, 1978.
- al-Salāmīn, Ziyād Mahdī Muḥammad, Fī nadwat al-insān waʾl-bīʾa fī nadwat al-waṭan al-ʿarabī fīḍūʾ al-iktišāfāt al-aṯārīya, al-istiqrār al-nabaṭī fī al-ǧuzʾ al-šarqī min wādīʿarba, Riyad: Muʾasasat ʿAbd al-Raḥman al-Sidīrī al-ẖayrīya, 2013.
- al-Sayīd, Maḥmūd ʿAbd al-Bāsiṭ ʿAṭīya, «alIbil fī al-kitābāt waʾl-funūn al-ṣaẖrīya bi manṭiqat Ḥāʾil», Maǧallat al-ǧamʿīya al-suʿūdīya li dirāsāt al-ibil 1, al-ǧamʿīya al-suʿūdīya li dirāsāt al-ibil, King Saud University,  2019.
- al-Ṣammādī, Saḥar Ṭalʿat, «al-Ibil fī al-nuqūš al-ṣafawīya wa rusūmahā», Fifth International Conference (Word and Image in Ancient Civilizations)3, Center Papyrological Studies,  Ain-Shams University, 2014.
- al-Ṭuwīsī, Saʿd& Muḥammad ʿAṭīya al-Naṣarāt, «al-Ẓrūf al-tārīẖīya waʾl-adilla al-aṯarīya li fatrat duẖūl al-ʾanbāṭ ʾilā ǧanūbī al-ʾUrdun 539B.C- 106A.D», Jordan Journal for History And Archaeology 2, vol.4, University of Jordan,
- al-Ṭarāwna, Muḥammad Barakāt& Abū ʿAzīza, Wāʾil& Abū Dana, Fawzī Qāsim, «Natāʾiǧ msūḥāt mašrūʿ al-bādiya al-ǧanūbīya al-šarqīya al-aṯarī fī manṭiqat al-ṯalīṯwāt al-ǧanūbīya (2010- 2015A.D)», Jordan Journal for History And Archaeology 1, vol.11, University of Jordan, 2017.
- al-Ġazī, ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz bin Suʿūd bin Ǧārallah, «Mawād aṯarīya min muḥāfaẓat al-Zulf ā , Dirāsa muqārana», Maǧallat ǧāmiʿat al-malik Suʿūd 2, vol.19, Faculty of Arts/ King Saud University, 2007.
- al-Širīf, Ḥasan Bakr, «Fī al-baḥṯ ʿan ṭuruq taqwīm zamanī liʾl-mādda al-aṯarīya limā qabl al-tārīẖ», Maǧallat kullīyat al-adāb 3, Sohag, 1983.
http://search.mandumah.com/Record /843373
- al-Māḥī, ʿAlī al-Tiǧānī, «al-Ibil fī al-rusūm al-ṣaẖrīya fī ẓafār, ʿUmān: Kaīf wa limāḏā?», Journal of Arts& Social Sciences 7, vol.2, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences / Sultan Qaboos University, 2015.
- ………, «Rusūm ṣayd al-ibil fī qarryat al-fāw biʾl-Mamlaka al-ʿarabīya al-suʿūdīya: qirāʾa ǧadīda», Adumatu Journal 22, Markaz ʿAbd al-Raḥman al-Sidīrī al-ṯaqāfī, 2010.
- Baraka, Saʿd ʿAbd al-Munʿim Muḥammad, «al-Rusūm al-ṣaẖrīya biʾl-ṣaḥarāʾ al-kubrā fī al-ʿaṣr al-ḥaǧarī al-ḥadīṯ, Dirāsa fī al-ʾanṯrūbūlūǧyā al-ṯaqāfīya», Ph.D Thesis, Institute Of African Research and Studies/ Cairo University, 1993.
- Bāẓa, Riḥāb ʿAbd al-Munʿim ʿAbd al-Ṣamad, «Šibh ǧazīrat saynāʾ fī al-alf al-awwal qabl al-mīlād, Dirāsa tārīẖīya ḥaḍārīya», Ph.D Thesis, Faculty of Archeology/ Cairo University, 2010.
- H̱amīs, Zaynab ʿAbd al-Tawwāb& Muḥammad Abīhī, «al-Matāha wa dalāltuhā al-fannīya waʾl-ʿaqāʾidīya fī Miṣr wa Ifrīqīyā mā qabl al-tārīẖ», The Lixus journal of history and Humanities 32, 2020.
- Darwīš, H̱ālid Saʿd Muṣṭafā, «al-Rusūm waʾl-nuqūš al-ṣaẖrīya fī ʿuṣūr mā qabl al-tārīẖ fī haḍabat al-ǧulf al-kabīr wa ǧabal al-ʿuwaynāt», Ph.D Thesis, Faculty of Archeology/ Cairo University,2012.
- ………..,  al-Fayyūm fī ʿuṣūr mā qabl al-tārīẖ min ẖilāl taqārīr ḥafāʾir biʿṯat šamāl buḥayrat Qārūn,  Cairo: al-Idāra al-ʿāmma li aṯār mā qabl al-tārīẖ The Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities, 2021.
- Darwīš, H̱ālid Saʿd Muṣṭafā& ʿAbduh, Muḥammad Ǧalāl Maḥmūd, «Ṯalāṯat mawāqiʿ liʾl-rusūm al-ṣaẖrīya ġaīr al-manšūra bi šibh ǧazīrat saynāʾ: (Kahf ṭūr maḥnī- Manṭiqat al-farš- Wādī al-raḥāyā)»,  Anal of the General Union of Arab Archaeologists 1, No.24, Cairo:2020-2021.
- Salīm, Aḥmad Amīn, «al-Rusūm al-ḥayawānīya tusayṭir ʿalā funūn ʿuṣūr mā qabl al-tārīẖ», Našarat markaz al-ẖuṭūṭ bi maktabat al-ʾIskandarīya, April 2007.
- Salām, ʿAmir ʿUmar, «ʿIlāqat mamlakat al-ʾanbāṭ maʿa ǧīrānihā», al-Maǧalla al-ʿrabīya liʾl-ʿulūm al-ʾiǧtimāʿīya 3, vol.2, al-Muʾasasa al-ʿarabīya liʾl-istišārāt al-ʿilmīya wa tanmiyat al-mawārid al-bašarīya, 2013.
- Sayīd, ʿAbd al-Munʿim ʿAbd al-Ḥalīm, «Ṣallāt al-ʾanbāṭ bi Miṣr min ẖilāl al-nuqūš al-nabaṭīya ʿalā ṣuẖūr al-Ḥiǧāz wa ṣaḥrāʾ Miṣr al-šarqīya», Journal of Arts and Humanities, vol.1, Faculty of Arts and Humanities / King Abdulaziz University, 1981.
- ʿAmmār, Ḥusnī, «Aḍwāʾ ǧadīda ʿan al-ǧumal fī al-fan al-miṣrī al-qadīm»,  Journal of the General Union of Arab Archaeologists 13, 2012.
- Mahdī, ʿAdil Muḥammad Naṣr al-Dīn, «al-Arnab fī Miṣr al-qadīma», Master Thesis,  Faculty of Archeology/ Cairo University, 2010.
- Maḥmūd, Rāǧiḥ Zāhir Muḥammad, «ʿIlāqāt al-ʾanbāṭ biʾl-duwal waʾl-šuʿūb al-muǧāwira», Ph.D Thesis,  Higher Institute of Ancient Near Eastern Civilizations/ Zagazig University, 2004.
foreign references
-      ANTHONY, M.: «The Role of Hand Prints in the Rock Art of the South-Western Cape», The South African Archaeological Bulletin 53, 168, 1998, 98-108.
-      BAHN, PAUL G.: «The Impact of Direct Dating on Palaeolithic Cave Art: Lascaux Revisited», International Journal of Human Diversity and Evolution, Anthropologie, 1962, 33, No. 3, 1995, 191-99.
-      BROWN, T. M.: «Cave of the Hands», International Journal of Human, Archaeology 43, 3, 1990.
-      DE  PERROT, Diana R., Carlos, J. Gradin, Carlos, A. Aschero, María Mercedes P., María O., Mario Sánchez P., Ian N. M. Wainwright & Kate H.: «Documentacion Y Preservacion del Arte Rupestre Argentino. Primeros Resultados Obtenidos en  la Patagonia Centro-Meridional»,  International Journal of Human, Chungara, Revista De Antropología Chilena 28, 1/2, 1996, 7-31.
-      Bobek, H, Die Hauptstufen der Gesellschafts- und Wirtschaftsentfaltung in Geographischer Sicht, Die Erde90 -3, 1959, 259–260.
-      Bagnold, R.A.: «Journeys in the Libyan Desert 1929 and 1930», The Geographical Journal, 78, 1931, 13-39.
-      ………………………. .: « Libyan Sands », The Geographical Journal, London, 1935.
-      Gunn, R. .: « Hand Sizes in Rock Art, Interpreting the Measurements of Hand Stencils and Prints » The Journal of the Australian Rock Art Research Association, 23, 2006, 97-12.
-      INIZA, M. L. & Reduron, B. M., and, Roche, H., Tixier, J., Technology and Terminology of Knapped Stone, Préhistoire de la Pierre Taillée Published by Cercle de Recherches et d'Etudes Préhistoriques Maison de l'Archéologie et de l'Ethnologie (Boîte 3) 21, allée de l'Université - 92023 Nanterre Cedex, Translated by J , Feblot-Augustins, France, 1999.
-      Jórdeczka, M., Halina K., Mirosław M., and Romuald S.: «Hunter–Gatherer Cattle-Keepers of Early Neolithic El Adam Type from Nabta Playa: Latest Discoveries from Site E–06–1» The African Archaeological Review 30, NO. 3, 2013, 253-84.
-      Kathleen, K, R., Handed an Inquiry into the Meaning of Prehistoric Red Ochre Handprint, Oxford University, 2006.
-      LEROI, GOURHAN, A.: «The Archaeology of Lascaux Cave », International Journal of Scientific American 246 , No.6, 1982, 104-13.
-      MARIO, R., The Cave of Lascaux: The Final Photographic Record, New York: Abrams, 1983.
-      Malville, J. McKim:Astronomy at Nabta Playa Egypt in Ruggles », C.L.N. (ed.), International Journal Astronomy 2, New York: Springer Science+Business Media,  2015, 1079–1091.
-      PORTILLO, Maria C., and Juan M. Gonzalez.: «Moonmilk Deposits Originate from Specific Bacterial Communities in Altamira Cave (Spain)», International Journal of Speleology, Microbial Ecology 61, No.1, 2011, 182-89.
-      ROBERT, G.: «Hand Sizes in Rock Art: Interpreting the Measurements of Hand Stencils and Prints », The Journal of the Australian Rock Art Research Association23, No.1, 2006.
-      RIPINSKY, M.: «The Camel in Dynastic Egypt », The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology, JEA 71, 1985, 134–35.
-     ROWLEY, C. P .: «The Camel in the Nile Valley, New Radiocarbon Accelerator (AMS) dates from Qasr Ibrîm », International Journal for the  Publication of Egyptological Research ,JEA 74, 1988, 245.
-      SAIZ –JIMENEZ, C., Soledad C., Valme J., Angel Fernandez-C., Estefania P., David B., Juan C. Cañaveras, & Sergio Sanchez-M.: «Paleolithic Art in Peril: Policy and Science Collide at Altamira Cave», International Journal of Science , 334, 6052, 2011.
-      Scherrer, D., Knowledge Timeless Observatories Ancient, University Stanford, 2015.
-      SHAHEEN, Alaa el-din M., The Palm Painting Motif: an Interpretation of a Continuing Tradition, GM 130, 1992, 79-107,
-      SHAW, W.B.K.: « The Mountain of Uweinat », The Journal is Published Six Times a Year in February, April, June, August, October and December. Antiquity8, 1934, 63-64.
-      WILKER, H., A., Rock-drawings of Southern Upper Egypt, II, London, 1939.
-      Wendorf, F., Eddy, F., W.: « An Archaeological Investigation of the Central Sinai, Egypt », American Journal of Archaeology 106, No.4, 607, October, 2002.
 

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics