Renting Houses in Islamic cities: An archaeological study in light  of al-Kindi's story by al- Ğāḥiẓ

Ismail, Asmaa Mohammed; Mohammed, Walid Abdel Samea El-Sayed

doi:10.21608/jguaa.2022.68270.1175

Renting Houses in Islamic cities: An archaeological study in light of al-Kindi's story by al- Ğāḥiẓ

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

¹ Assistant Professor, Faculty of Archeology, Fayoum University.

² Assistant Lecturer, Faculty of Archeology, Fayoum University

10.21608/jguaa.2022.68270.1175

Abstract

Renting houses are an important model for studying city community through dealings and its governing controls. This research paper aims to take renting houses as a model for the jurisprudence of civil real estate transactions in the Islamic city, by extrapolating the heritage, linguistic and cultural connotations in al-Kindi's story by the brilliant writer “Al- Ǧāḥiẓ”, whose content is in agreement with the practical reality of the houses from the third century until the fourteenth century A.H all over Islamic cities. This extrapolation determines the aspects of the functional occupation of this house, and the elements used in it, in addition to determining the names of those elements and their linguistic and idiomatic connotations

Keywords

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- ʿUthmān, Muḥammad ʿAbdul Sattār, al-Iʿlān bi-aḥkām al-bunyān li-Ibn al-Rāmī: Dirāsa a ṯ arīya miʿmārīya,al-Iskandarīya: Dār al-Wafāʾ li-Dunyā al-Ṭibāʿah wa ʾ l-Našr, 2002.

- -………………………….., Dirāsāt fī al-ʿimārah al-taqlīdīyah fī al-minṭaqa al-ʿArabīya, Sohag: al-Miṣrīya lil-Taswīq wa-al-Tawzīʿ, 2012.

- ʿAzab, Ḥālid Muḥammad, al-Fusṭāṭ: al-našʾah al-izdihār- al-inḥisār, al-Kitāb (1) min silsilat Mudun turāṯīya, 1^st ed, Cairo: Dār al-Āfāq al-ʿArabīya, 1998.

- ʿAfīfī, Muḥammad, al-Awqāf waʾl-ḥayā al-iqtiṣādīya fī Miṣr fī al-ʿAṣr al-ʿUṯmānī, Cairo: al-Hayʾa al-Miṣrīya al-ʿĀmma liʾl-Kitāb, 1991.

- ʿAllām, ʿĀdil Šarīf, «Dirāsa li ḥānāt al-Sulṭān al-Ġūrī fī al-ʿAṣr al-ʿUṯmānī min ẖilāl waṯāʼiq īğār», Journal of Arts and Humanities2, N^o. 27, Minia Universty October 1997, 391-428.

- ʿIlwān, Maǧdī ʿAbd al-Ǧawwād, «Našr wa taḥqīq li-Waṯīqat Īġār min ʿaṣr al- H̱idīwī ʿAbbās Ḥilmī al-Ṯānī», al-Kitāb al-taḏkārī liʾl-ustāḏ ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ʿAbd al-Tawwāb", Journal of the College of Arts, Sohag University, 2007, 185-241.

- ʿĪsá, Aḥmad, Alʿāb al-ṣibyān ʿinda al-ʿArab, al-Qāhira: Mūʼassasa Hindāwī lil-taʿlīm wa-al-thaqāfa w-al-Našur w-al-Tawzī‘, 2013.

- Ġānim, Ibrāhīm al-Bayyūmī, al-Awqāf wa-al-siyāsa fī Miṣr, 1^st ed, al-Qāhira: Dār al-šurūq, 1998.

- Fašwān, Anwar Ḥamīdū ʿAlī, malāmiḥ al-qiṣṣa al-fannīya fī Kitāb al-Buẖalāʼ liʾl- Ǧāḥiẓ, Ḥawlīyat Kullīyat al-Luġa al-ʿArabīya biʾl-Qāhira 21, Ğāmiʿat al-Azhar, without date. -

- Qadrī, Muḥammad, Muršid al-Ḥayrān Ilā Maʿrifat Aḥwāl al-insān: Fī al-muʿāmalāt al-šarʿīya ʿalā Maḏhab al-Imām al-Aʿẓam Abī Ḥanīfa al-Nuʿmān, Mulāʼima li-ʿur al-diyār al-Miṣrīya Wa sāʼir al-umam al-Islāmīya, 2^nded, Cairo: al-Maṭbaʿa al-Amīrīya, 1891.

- Liyūn (Leo) al-Ifrīqī, al-Ḥasan bin Muḥammad al-Wazzān al-Fāsī, Waṣf Ifrīqiyā, Translated by: Muḥammad Ḥağī wa Muḥammad al-Aḥḍar, 2^nd ed, 2 Vols, Vol. 2, Manšūrāt al-Ğamʿīya al-Maġribīya, Beirut: Dār al-Ğarb al-Islāmī, 1983.

- Mez, Adam, al-Ḥaḍāra al-Islāmīya fī al-qarn al-rābiʿ al-hiğrī, aw ʿAṣr al-nahḍa fī al-Islām, Translated by: Muḥammad ʿAbd al-Hādī Abū Rīdah, 2 Vols, Vol. 2, 5th ed, Beirut: Dār al-Kitāb al-ʿArabī, 1967.

- Maǧmaʿ al-Luġa al-ʿArabīya, al-Muʿǧam al-waǧīz, Cairo: ṭabʿa ẖāṣṣa bi Wazārat al-Tarbiya waʾl-Taʿlīm, 1994.

- Maǧmaʿ al-luġa al-ʿarabīya, al-Muʿǧam al-waṣīt, 4^th ed, Cairo: Maktabat al-šurūq al-Dawlīya, 2004.

- Muqbil, Fahmī Tawfīq, Maʾāṯir al-ʿArab al-Muslimīn ʿalā al-ḥaḍāra al-Urubbīya: al-fikr al-ǧuġrāfī namūḏaǧan, Oman: al-Manhal liʾl-Našr al-Iliktirūnī, 2009.

- Mullā Khusrū, al-Qāḍī Muḥammad bin Farāmūz bin ʿAlī al-Ḥanafī, (D: 885 A. H), Kitāb al-Durar al-Ḥukkām fī šarḥ ġurar al-Aḥkām, 2 Vols, Vol. 2, Turkey - Cairo: Dār al-Saʿāda- Matbaʿat Aḥmad Kāmil, 1911.

- Muʼallif mağhūl, Maẖṭūṭa Risāla Fatḥ al-Qadīr fī masāʼil al-biʼr, Institute of Culture and Oriental Studies of Japan, Tokyo,

https://almostafa.info/data/arabic/depot3/gap.php?file=m003485.pdf

- Nağib, Muṣṭafá,«al-Mzmāla kamawrid Limiyāh al-šurb bimunšaʾāt al-Qāhira fī al-ʿaṣr al-Mamlūkī», Journal of the Faculty of Archeology, Cairo University 2, Cairo, 1978.

- Nawār, Sāmī, al-kāmil fī muṣṭalaḥāt al-ʿimāra al-Islāmīya fī buṭūn al-maʿāǧim al-luġawīya, 1^st ed, al- Alexandria: Dār al-Wafāʾ li-Dunyā al-Ṭibāʿa waʾl-Našr, 2003.

websites:http://www.eternalegypt.org Date of access 2/2/2021-time 9.30 P.m.-

Maǧallaẗ Al-Itiḥād Al-ʿām Lil Aṯārīyin Al-ʿarab

Volume 23, Issue 1
2022
Pages 405-438

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Renting Houses in Islamic cities: An archaeological study in light of al-Kindi's story by al- Ğāḥiẓ

References

- Ibn al-Aʿrābī, «Maẖṭūṭ al-Biʾr", Reviewed by: Nūrī Ḥūdī al-Qaysī», Journal of the College of Arts, University of Baghdad9, Baghdad: Matbaʿat al-Ḥukūma, 1966

- Ibn al-Humām, Kamāl al-Dīn Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd al-Wāḥid ibn ʿAbd al-Ḥamīd al-Sīwāsī (D. 861 A. H), Šarḥ fatḥ al-qadīr, ʿAllaqa ʿalaya: ʿAbd al-Razzāq al-Mahdī, Vol. 6, Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmīya, 2003.

- Ibn Iyās, Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad ibn Iyās al-Ḥanafī (D: 930 A.H), Badāʼiʿ al-zuhūr fī waqāʼiʿ al-duhūr, Reviewed by: MuḥammadMuṣṭafā, 5 Vols, Vol. 3, Makka al-Mukarrama: Dār al-Bāz, 1975.

- Ibn Durayd, Abū Bakr Muḥammad bin al-Ḥasan (D: 321A.H), Ğamharat al-luġa, 3 volumes, Vol. 2-3, 1^st ed., Beirut: Dār al-ʿIlm liʾl-malāyīn, 1987.

- Ibn Sayda, ʿAlī ibn Ismāʿīl (D: 458A.H), Kitāb al-muẖaṣaṣ, 5 volumes, Vol. 2, al-Safar. 6, Beirut: al-Maktaba al-Tuǧārīya liʾl-Ṭibāʿa waʾl-Tawzīʿ waʾl-našr, 1965.

- -…………………………, al-Muḥkam waʾl-muḥīṭ al-Aʿẓam, Reviewed by: ʿAbd al-Ḥamīd Hindāwī, 11 volumes, Vol. 2, 1^st ed., Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmīya, 2000.

- Ibn ʿAbbād, Abū al-Qāsim Ismāʿīl bin ʿAbbād bin ʿAbbās bin Aḥmad al-Qazwīnī al-maʿrūf biʾl-Ṣāḥib Ibn ʿAbbād (D:385 A.H), al-Aḥǧār, Našr wa-Tahqiq: Hilāl Naǧīb, Journal of the Arabic Language Academy in Damascus82, N^o. 2, 2007.

- al-Tamīmī, Abū Ṭāhir Muḥammad bin Yūsuf bin ʿAbdullāh (D. 538 A.H), ʿal-musalsal Fi Gharīb luġhat al-ʿArab, Reviwed by: Muḥammad ʿAbd al-ǧawād, al-Kitāb (3) min silsilat Turāthunā, Giza,, 1957.

- al-Ğāḥiẓ, Abū ʿUthmān ʿAmr ibn Baḥr al-Kinānī al- Ğāḥiẓ(D. 255), al-Bukhalāʼ, Reviwed by: Ṭāhā al-Ḥāǧirī, al-Kitāb (3) min silsilat ẕakhāʾir al-ʿArab, 7^th ed, Cairo: Dār al-Maʿārif bi-Miṣr, 1991.

- al-Zaylaʿī, Faẖr al-Dīn ʿUṯmān bin ʿAlī (D:743 A. H/ 1343 A. D), Tabyīn al-ḥaqā'iq, šarḥ kanz al-daqāʼiq, 6 Vols, Vol. 3, Cairo: al-Maṭbaʿa al-Kubrā al-Amīrīya, 1895.

- Amūn, Halā, Muʿğam Taqwīm al-Lughah wa-takhlīṣihāal-akhṭāʼ al-šāʼiʿa, Bayrūt: Dār al-Qalam, without date.

- Šahāb, Saʿd ʿAbd al-Karīm, Anmāṭ al-ʿImāra al-taqlīdīya fī ṣaḥarā' Miṣr al-ġarbīya:Dirāsa taḥlīlīya muqārana, 1^st ed, Alexandria: Dār al-Wafāʾ li-Dunyā liʾl-Ṭibāʿa waʾl-Našr, 2009.

- Ṣāliḥ, Ṭība, Muʿğam muṣṭalaḥāt al-ṯaqāfa bayna al-Ǧāḥiẓ waʾl-Tawḥīdī, Cairo: Dār al-Kitāb al-Miṣrī, 2009.

- ʿUthmān, Muḥammad ʿAbdul Sattār, al-Iʿlān bi-aḥkām al-bunyān li-Ibn al-Rāmī: Dirāsa a ṯ arīya miʿmārīya,al-Iskandarīya: Dār al-Wafāʾ li-Dunyā al-Ṭibāʿah wa ʾ l-Našr, 2002.

- Ġānim, Ibrāhīm al-Bayyūmī, al-Awqāf wa-al-siyāsa fī Miṣr, 1^st ed, al-Qāhira: Dār al-šurūq, 1998.

- Mez, Adam, al-Ḥaḍāra al-Islāmīya fī al-qarn al-rābiʿ al-hiğrī, aw ʿAṣr al-nahḍa fī al-Islām, Translated by: Muḥammad ʿAbd al-Hādī Abū Rīdah, 2 Vols, Vol. 2, 5th ed, Beirut: Dār al-Kitāb al-ʿArabī, 1967.

- Maǧmaʿ al-Luġa al-ʿArabīya, al-Muʿǧam al-waǧīz, Cairo: ṭabʿa ẖāṣṣa bi Wazārat al-Tarbiya waʾl-Taʿlīm, 1994.

- Mullā Khusrū, al-Qāḍī Muḥammad bin Farāmūz bin ʿAlī al-Ḥanafī, (D: 885 A. H), Kitāb al-Durar al-Ḥukkām fī šarḥ ġurar al-Aḥkām, 2 Vols, Vol. 2, Turkey - Cairo: Dār al-Saʿāda- Matbaʿat Aḥmad Kāmil, 1911.

- Nağib, Muṣṭafá,«al-Mzmāla kamawrid Limiyāh al-šurb bimunšaʾāt al-Qāhira fī al-ʿaṣr al-Mamlūkī», Journal of the Faculty of Archeology, Cairo University 2, Cairo, 1978.

- Nawār, Sāmī, al-kāmil fī muṣṭalaḥāt al-ʿimāra al-Islāmīya fī buṭūn al-maʿāǧim al-luġawīya, 1^st ed, al- Alexandria: Dār al-Wafāʾ li-Dunyā al-Ṭibāʿa waʾl-Našr, 2003.

Volume 23, Issue 1
2022
Pages 405-438

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Renting Houses in Islamic cities: An archaeological study in light of al-Kindi's story by al- Ğāḥiẓ

References

- Ibn al-Aʿrābī, «Maẖṭūṭ al-Biʾr", Reviewed by: Nūrī Ḥūdī al-Qaysī», Journal of the College of Arts, University of Baghdad9, Baghdad: Matbaʿat al-Ḥukūma, 1966

- Ibn al-Humām, Kamāl al-Dīn Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd al-Wāḥid ibn ʿAbd al-Ḥamīd al-Sīwāsī (D. 861 A. H), Šarḥ fatḥ al-qadīr, ʿAllaqa ʿalaya: ʿAbd al-Razzāq al-Mahdī, Vol. 6, Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmīya, 2003.

- Ibn Iyās, Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad ibn Iyās al-Ḥanafī (D: 930 A.H), Badāʼiʿ al-zuhūr fī waqāʼiʿ al-duhūr, Reviewed by: MuḥammadMuṣṭafā, 5 Vols, Vol. 3, Makka al-Mukarrama: Dār al-Bāz, 1975.

- Ibn Durayd, Abū Bakr Muḥammad bin al-Ḥasan (D: 321A.H), Ğamharat al-luġa, 3 volumes, Vol. 2-3, 1st ed., Beirut: Dār al-ʿIlm liʾl-malāyīn, 1987.

- Ibn Sayda, ʿAlī ibn Ismāʿīl (D: 458A.H), Kitāb al-muẖaṣaṣ, 5 volumes, Vol. 2, al-Safar. 6, Beirut: al-Maktaba al-Tuǧārīya liʾl-Ṭibāʿa waʾl-Tawzīʿ waʾl-našr, 1965.

- -…………………………, al-Muḥkam waʾl-muḥīṭ al-Aʿẓam, Reviewed by: ʿAbd al-Ḥamīd Hindāwī, 11 volumes, Vol. 2, 1st ed., Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmīya, 2000.

- Ibn ʿAbbād, Abū al-Qāsim Ismāʿīl bin ʿAbbād bin ʿAbbās bin Aḥmad al-Qazwīnī al-maʿrūf biʾl-Ṣāḥib Ibn ʿAbbād (D:385 A.H), al-Aḥǧār, Našr wa-Tahqiq: Hilāl Naǧīb, Journal of the Arabic Language Academy in Damascus82, No. 2, 2007.

- al-Tamīmī, Abū Ṭāhir Muḥammad bin Yūsuf bin ʿAbdullāh (D. 538 A.H), ʿal-musalsal Fi Gharīb luġhat al-ʿArab, Reviwed by: Muḥammad ʿAbd al-ǧawād, al-Kitāb (3) min silsilat Turāthunā, Giza,, 1957.

- al-Ğāḥiẓ, Abū ʿUthmān ʿAmr ibn Baḥr al-Kinānī al- Ğāḥiẓ(D. 255), al-Bukhalāʼ, Reviwed by: Ṭāhā al-Ḥāǧirī, al-Kitāb (3) min silsilat ẕakhāʾir al-ʿArab, 7th ed, Cairo: Dār al-Maʿārif bi-Miṣr, 1991.

- al-Zaylaʿī, Faẖr al-Dīn ʿUṯmān bin ʿAlī (D:743 A. H/ 1343 A. D), Tabyīn al-ḥaqā'iq, šarḥ kanz al-daqāʼiq, 6 Vols, Vol. 3, Cairo: al-Maṭbaʿa al-Kubrā al-Amīrīya, 1895.

- Amūn, Halā, Muʿğam Taqwīm al-Lughah wa-takhlīṣihāal-akhṭāʼ al-šāʼiʿa, Bayrūt: Dār al-Qalam, without date.

- Šahāb, Saʿd ʿAbd al-Karīm, Anmāṭ al-ʿImāra al-taqlīdīya fī ṣaḥarā' Miṣr al-ġarbīya:Dirāsa taḥlīlīya muqārana, 1st ed, Alexandria: Dār al-Wafāʾ li-Dunyā liʾl-Ṭibāʿa waʾl-Našr, 2009.

- Ṣāliḥ, Ṭība, Muʿğam muṣṭalaḥāt al-ṯaqāfa bayna al-Ǧāḥiẓ waʾl-Tawḥīdī, Cairo: Dār al-Kitāb al-Miṣrī, 2009.

- ʿUthmān, Muḥammad ʿAbdul Sattār, al-Iʿlān bi-aḥkām al-bunyān li-Ibn al-Rāmī: Dirāsa a ṯ arīya miʿmārīya,al-Iskandarīya: Dār al-Wafāʾ li-Dunyā al-Ṭibāʿah wa ʾ l-Našr, 2002.

- Ġānim, Ibrāhīm al-Bayyūmī, al-Awqāf wa-al-siyāsa fī Miṣr, 1st ed, al-Qāhira: Dār al-šurūq, 1998.

- Mez, Adam, al-Ḥaḍāra al-Islāmīya fī al-qarn al-rābiʿ al-hiğrī, aw ʿAṣr al-nahḍa fī al-Islām, Translated by: Muḥammad ʿAbd al-Hādī Abū Rīdah, 2 Vols, Vol. 2, 5th ed, Beirut: Dār al-Kitāb al-ʿArabī, 1967.

- Maǧmaʿ al-Luġa al-ʿArabīya, al-Muʿǧam al-waǧīz, Cairo: ṭabʿa ẖāṣṣa bi Wazārat al-Tarbiya waʾl-Taʿlīm, 1994.

- Mullā Khusrū, al-Qāḍī Muḥammad bin Farāmūz bin ʿAlī al-Ḥanafī, (D: 885 A. H), Kitāb al-Durar al-Ḥukkām fī šarḥ ġurar al-Aḥkām, 2 Vols, Vol. 2, Turkey - Cairo: Dār al-Saʿāda- Matbaʿat Aḥmad Kāmil, 1911.

- Nağib, Muṣṭafá,«al-Mzmāla kamawrid Limiyāh al-šurb bimunšaʾāt al-Qāhira fī al-ʿaṣr al-Mamlūkī», Journal of the Faculty of Archeology, Cairo University 2, Cairo, 1978.

- Nawār, Sāmī, al-kāmil fī muṣṭalaḥāt al-ʿimāra al-Islāmīya fī buṭūn al-maʿāǧim al-luġawīya, 1st ed, al- Alexandria: Dār al-Wafāʾ li-Dunyā al-Ṭibāʿa waʾl-Našr, 2003.

Volume 23, Issue 1 2022Pages 405-438

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- Ibn Durayd, Abū Bakr Muḥammad bin al-Ḥasan (D: 321A.H), Ğamharat al-luġa, 3 volumes, Vol. 2-3, 1^st ed., Beirut: Dār al-ʿIlm liʾl-malāyīn, 1987.

- -…………………………, al-Muḥkam waʾl-muḥīṭ al-Aʿẓam, Reviewed by: ʿAbd al-Ḥamīd Hindāwī, 11 volumes, Vol. 2, 1^st ed., Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmīya, 2000.

- Ibn ʿAbbād, Abū al-Qāsim Ismāʿīl bin ʿAbbād bin ʿAbbās bin Aḥmad al-Qazwīnī al-maʿrūf biʾl-Ṣāḥib Ibn ʿAbbād (D:385 A.H), al-Aḥǧār, Našr wa-Tahqiq: Hilāl Naǧīb, Journal of the Arabic Language Academy in Damascus82, N^o. 2, 2007.

- al-Ğāḥiẓ, Abū ʿUthmān ʿAmr ibn Baḥr al-Kinānī al- Ğāḥiẓ(D. 255), al-Bukhalāʼ, Reviwed by: Ṭāhā al-Ḥāǧirī, al-Kitāb (3) min silsilat ẕakhāʾir al-ʿArab, 7^th ed, Cairo: Dār al-Maʿārif bi-Miṣr, 1991.

- Šahāb, Saʿd ʿAbd al-Karīm, Anmāṭ al-ʿImāra al-taqlīdīya fī ṣaḥarā' Miṣr al-ġarbīya:Dirāsa taḥlīlīya muqārana, 1^st ed, Alexandria: Dār al-Wafāʾ li-Dunyā liʾl-Ṭibāʿa waʾl-Našr, 2009.

- Ġānim, Ibrāhīm al-Bayyūmī, al-Awqāf wa-al-siyāsa fī Miṣr, 1^st ed, al-Qāhira: Dār al-šurūq, 1998.

- Nawār, Sāmī, al-kāmil fī muṣṭalaḥāt al-ʿimāra al-Islāmīya fī buṭūn al-maʿāǧim al-luġawīya, 1^st ed, al- Alexandria: Dār al-Wafāʾ li-Dunyā al-Ṭibāʿa waʾl-Našr, 2003.

Volume 23, Issue 1
2022
Pages 405-438