References:
Arabic references:
- The Holy Quran.
- Old Testament.
- Ibn Ṣirāī, Ḥamad Muḥammad, al-Ibil fī bilād al-šarq al-adnā al-qadīm wa šibh al-ǧazīra al-ʿarabīya, Riyad: al-Ǧamʿīya al-tārīẖīya al-Suʿūdīya, 1999.
- Ibn Manẓūr, Ǧamāl al-Dīn, Lisān al-ʿarab, Reviewed by: ʿAbdullah ʿAī al-Kabīr& Others, Cairo: Dār al-maʿārif, d.t.
- Bāʿalaīyān, Muḥammad ʿAwaḍ Manṣūr, «Ḥayawānāt al-naql waʾl-ḥarb fī al-Yaman al-qadīm dirāsa fī ḍūʾ al-nuqūš waʾl-aṯār», Ph.D Thesis, Faculty of Arts/ Aden University, 2012.
- Ǧād, al-Sayīd, «Bilād al-ʿarab bayīn hīrūdūtus wūa aryānūs», Maǧallat buḥūṯ kullīyat al-adāb 50, al-Manoufia University, 2002.
- …………, «Maʿāhid Qambīẓ wa malik al-ʿarab ʿā 252B.C», Ḍimn kitāb: al-Ǧazīra al-ʿArabīya waʾl-Yūnān wa Bīzanṭa: al-Tawāṣul al- ḥaḍārī ʿabr al-ʿuṣūr al-qadīma waʾl-wasīṭa, vol.1, Riyad: King Saud University, 2012.
- al-Ǧabrīn, Fayṣal, «al-Rusūm al-ṣaẖrīya fī ǧabal al-kawkab bimanṭiqat Naǧrān, Dirāsa taḥlīlīya muqārana», Master Thesis, Facultyv of Tourism and Archeology/ King Saud University, 2012.
- H̱afāǧa, Muḥammad Ṣaqr, Hirudūt yataḥaddaṯʿan Miṣr, Cairo: Dār al-qalam, 1966.
- al-Dusarī, Sāra bint Fāliḥ, «al-Funūn al-ṣaẖrīya biǧabal ʾum sanmān bimanṭiqat Ḥāʾil», Master Thesis, Facultyv of Tourism and Archeology/ King Saud University, 1430.
- Salāma, ʿAwāṭif bint Adīb, Ahl Madyan: Dirāsa liʾl-ẖaṣāʾiṣ waʾl-ʿilāqāt 1350- 110B.C, Riyad, 2001.
- ʿAbd al-Bāsiṭ, Maḥmūd, «al-Ibil fī al-kitābāt waʾl-funūn al-ṣaẖrīya bimanṭiqat Ḥāʾil», Maǧallat al-ǧamʿīya al-Suʿūdīya lidirāsāt al-ibil 1, 2019.
- al-ʿAbd al-Ǧabbār, ʿAbdullah bin ʿAbd al-Raḥmān, al-Ǧazīra al-ʿarabīya fī al-maṣādir al-kilāsīkīya(1) Hīrūdūtūs waʾl-Ǧazīra al-ʿArabīya, Translated by: Ibrāhīm al-Sāīḥ, Commented on :Raḥma al-Sinānī, Riyad: King Abdulaziz Foundation, 2017.
- ............... , al-Ǧazīra al-ʿarabīya fī al-maṣādir al-kilāsīkīya (5) Diyūdūrūs al-Ṣiqillī waʾl-Ǧazīra al-ʿArabīya, Translated by: Aḥmad Ġānim, Commented on: Raḥma al-Sinānī, Riyad: King Abdulaziz Foundation, 2017
- ............... al-Ǧazīra al-ʿarabīya fī al-maṣādir al-kilāsīkīya (7) Pīlīnūs waʾl-Ǧazīra al-ʿArabīya, Translated by: Aḥmad Ġānim, Commented on: ʿAlī ʿAbd al-Ǧaīd,, Riyad: King Abdulaziz Foundation, 2017
- ʿAbd al-Naʿīm, Muḥammad, Aṯār mā qabl al-tārīẖ wa faǧruh fī al-Mamlaka al-ʿArabīya al-Suʿūdīya, Translated by: ʿAbd al-Raḥīm Muḥammad H̱ubīr, Riyadh, 1995.
- ʿAbd al-Wahhāb, Luṭfī, al-ʿArab fī al-ʿuṣūr al-qadīma, Alexandria: Dār al-maʿrifa al-ǧāmiʿīya, 1979.
- al-ʿAbbūdī, Aḥmad, ʿAbd al-Bāsiṭ, Maḥmūd, ʿAmmār, Ḥusnī & al-ʿAmir, Fuʾād, "al-Ibil fī al-funūn al-ṣaẖrīya biǧibāl ṯalīṯwāt šamāl šarq muḥāfaẓat al-ʿUlā", The Gulf Journal For History and Archeology 15, Riyadh, 2020.
- al-ʿItībī, Fahd Miṭliq, Hīrūdūt wa bidāyat takwīn al-waʿī al-tārīẖī al-ġarbī biʾl-Ǧazīra al-ʿArabīya, Riyadh, 2013.
- al-ʿArīqī, Munīr ʿAbd al-Ǧalīl, «Makānat al-ǧumal fī al-ḥaḍāra al-yamanīya al-qadīma», Maǧallat al-qalam, Yemen: Al-Qalam University for Humanities and Applied Sciences - Ibb, 2015.
- ʿAlī, Ǧawād, al-Mufaṣṣal fī tārīẖ al-ʿarab qabl al-islām, vol.1, 2nded., Baghdad University, 1993.
- ʿAmmār, Ḥusnī, "Aḍwāʾ ǧadīda ʿan al-ǧumal fī al-fan al-miṣrī al-qadīm", journal of General Union of Arab Archeologist & Federation of Arab University 13, 2012.
- Kāmil, Wahīb, Hīrūdūt fī Miṣr: al-Qarn al-ẖāmis qabl al-mīlād, Cairo: Dār al-maʿārif, 1946.
- al-Māwardī, Abū al-Ḥasan ʿAlī bin Muḥammad bin Ḥabīb, Min rawāʾiʿ al-tafāsīr, al-Nukat waʾl-ʿuyūn, Tafsīr al-māwardī, Reviewed by: ʿAbd al-Raḥīm& al-Sayīd ʿAbd al-Maqṣūd, vol.6, 3th ed., Beirut: Dār al-kutub al-ʿilmīya, 2012.
- al-Mallāḥ, ʿAbd al-Ilāh, Tārīẖ Hīrūdūt, Reviewed by: D.Aḥmad al-Saqqāf& D.Ḥamad bin Ṣirāī, Abu Dhabi: al-Muǧammaʿ al-ṯaqāfī, 2001.
- al-Hāšimī, Riḍā Ǧawād, «Tārīẖ al-ibil fī ḍūʾ al-muẖllafāt al-aṯārīya waʾl-kitābāt al-qadīma», Maǧallat kullīyat al-adāb 23, Baghdad University, 1978.
- Muʿṭī, ʿAlī Muḥammad, Tārīẖ al-ʿarab al-iqtiṣādī qabl al-islām, Beirut: Dār al-manhal al-libnānī- Maktabat raʾs al-nabʿ, 2003.
foreign references:
- Abdul Nayeem, M., The rock art of Arabia (Saudi Arabia, Oman, Qatar, The Emirates & Yemen), Hyderabad, 2000.
- Beeston, A., al-Ghūl, M., Müller, W. and Ryckmans, J., Sabaic Dictionary (English-French-Arabic), Dictionnaire Sabéen (anglais-français-arabe), Louvain-la-Neuve: Éditions Peeters / Beirut: Libraire du Liban, 1982.
- Barnett, R., Sculptures from the north palace of Ashurbanipal at Nineveh (668-627 B.C.), London, 1976.
- Byrne, R., «Early Assyrian Contacts with Arabs and the Impact on Levantine Vassal Tribute», BASOR 331, 2003.
- Gilbert, A.: «The Native Fauna of the Ancient Near East», In A history of the animal world in the ancient Near East, edited by: Collins, B.J., Brill; Leiden; Boston; Koln, 2002.
- Godley, A. D., Herodotus in four volumes, Vol. 2, books III- IV, London, 1950.
- Godley, A. D., Herodotus in four volumes, Vol. 1, Books I- II, London, 1975.
- Godley, A. D., Herodotus in four volumes, Vol. 3, books V- VII, London, 1982.
- Grigson, C. & Others.: «The Camel in Arabia: A Direct Radiocarbon Date, Calibrated to about 7000 BC», Journal of Archaeological Science 16, 1989.
- Herodotus of Halicarnassus; The Histories; An account of great and marvelous deeds through the 1920 translation of: Godley A. D., Pax librorum, 2010.
- Horsfield, A.: «Journey to Kilwa, Transjordan», The Geographical Journal 102, No. 2, Aug. 1943.
- Hoyland, R., Arabia and the Arabs from the Bronze age to the coming of Islam, London, 2001.
- Jamme, A., Sabaean Inscriptions from Maḥram Bilqîs (Mârib), (Publications of the American Foundation for the Study of Man, 3). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press, 1962.
- Khan, M., Jubbah the land of golden sands and the lost civilization of Arabia, Riyadh, 2011.
- Köhler-Rollefson, I.: «Camels and Camel Pastoralism in Arabia», The Biblical Archaeologist 56, No. 4, Nomadic Pastoralism: Past and Present, Dec., 1993.
- Luckenbill, D., Ancient records of Assyria and Babylonia, Vol. 1, New York, 1926.
- Mitchell, T.: «Camels in the Assyrian Bas-Reliefs», Iraq 62, 2000.
- Retso, J., The Arabs in Antiquity: Their History from the Assyrians to the Umayyads, Routledge Curzon, New York, 2003.
- Ripinsky, M.: «The Camel in Dynastic Egypt», The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 71, 1985, 134-141.
- Spassov, N. & Stoytchev, T.: «The dromedary domestication problem: 3000 BC rock art evidence for the existence of wild One-humped camel in Central Arabia», Historia naturalis bulgarica 16, 2004, 151-158.
- Vogt. B.: «Death, Resurrection and the Camel», In: Arabia Felix, Festschrift, edited by: Muller, W., Geburtstag, Harrassowitz Verlag, Wiesbaden, 1994.
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