The use of the methods of passive thermal level and melting inside a mold in the restoration of Islamic stereoscopic glass antiquities

The old Islamic glass was known as silica, alkali and lime glass. Lime.Alkali silicate, and since the beginning of the tenth century AD, the use of potassium compounds, in addition to at least 10% of limestone powder, increases the durability of glass and its resistance against wet weather. Therefore, we find that the chemical composition of glass has an important role in the extent of its stability or injury to various manifestations of damage, and this is what made the process of restoring glass antiquities affected by the phenomenon of surface corrosion or missing parts that need accurate technological assessments and suitable for the structural installation of glass, which in all cases is responsible From the appearance of signs of damage to the glass surface or extending to the destruction of its internal structure. This is what made our research aim to present a new technological method for completing and assembling the missing parts of glass antiquities, based on appropriate heat treatments for Islamic glass, which was melted in simple furnaces with temperatures ranging between “_ 900.” This technique relied on the use of my method Thermal level of melting the glass inside a mold at a temperature ranging between "900°C - 850" to reproduce the missing part of the glass trace with the same chemical composition as the old Islamic glass, using melting crucibles and appropriate thermal molds for that and then applying decorations on these glass parts after their manufacture is completed “Gilding - camouflage with enamel - etc.” and the use of the inert thermal level at a temperature ranging between “530°C – 500°” to fix the cloned part to the original body and fix the decorations in that one 1000°C.