A New Perspective on the Principles of Designing the Architecture of al-Aqsa Mosque

Document Type : Original Article

Author

Professor of Archeology and Islamic Architecture at the Faculty of Archeology - Cairo University (EGYPT)

Abstract

The subject of this research is concerned with studying the architecture of the Al-Aqsa Mosque in the light of the texts of travelers with an architectural analytical study of the site of the rocky plateau and its direct impact on the planning of the mosque and an attempt to unveil the architectural planning of the Umayyad Mosque during its construction as an integrated and comprehensive architectural project whose architecture is not limited to the Dome of the Rock and the tribal mosque as it is known Rather, the planning of the mosque started from a central courtyard  in the central of which is the dome of rock and on the the southern side the qibla (portico) canopy, which came from two levels, as each architecture were provided the western and northern  sides were also provided with a canopy. The study also reveals the dangers facing Al-Aqsa Mosque by the Israeli occupation forces, which are working to register the mosque’s courtyard as a public benefit because it believes that it Separate yards with different landmarks are suitable for visit, with different landmarks are suitable for visit, and for this reason this study seeks to refute all these solicitations and unveil the architectural origins of Al-Aqsa Mosque architecture.
 

Highlights

 

 

Keywords

Main Subjects


 

 
References:
Arabic references:
-  The Holy Quran
-  al-Harawī, Abū al-Ḥasan ʿAlī bin Bakr, al-Išārāt ʾilā maʿrifat al-ziyārāt, Reviewed by: ʿAlī ʿUmar, Maktabat al-ṯaqāfa al-dīnīya, 2002.
-  Nigm, Rāʾif Yūsuf, al-afrīyāt al-aarīya fī al-Quds, Ṭabʿat dār al-furqān, 2009.
-  ..........., Kunūz al-Quds, Damascus: Ministry of Culture- The Syrian General Book Organization, 2011.
-  al-Natša, Yūsuf Saʿīd, al-Masǧid al-aqā al-mubārak, Mūʾasasat al-taʿāwun, 2002.
-  al-Nābulsī, ʿAbd al-Ġanī bin Ismāʿīl, al-ara al-ʾunsīya fī al-rila al-qudsīya, Maṭbaʿat al-iẖlāṣ, 1902.
-  al-Muhallabī, al-Ḥasan bin Aḥmad, al-Kitāb al-ʿazīzī al-masālik waʾl-mamālik, Reviewed by: Taysīr H̱alaf, 2014.
-  al-Munaẓẓama al-ʿarabīya liʾl-tarbiya waʾl-ṯaqāfa, al-Fan al-ʿarabī al-islāmī, vol.2, 1995.
-  al-Maqdisī, Šams al-Dīn abū ʿAbdullah Muḥammad, Asan al-taqāsīm, Cairo: Maktabat madbūlī, 2008.
-  Mašrūʿ al-taqrīr al-muqaddam ʾilā al-iǧtimāʿ al-ṯāmin li laǧnat al-ẖubarāʾ al-aṯārayīn biʾl-ʾUrdun liʾ-munaẓẓama al-ʿrabīya " al-Isiskū", wa al-laḏī šārak fīh D/Yūsuf al-Natša& H̱alīl Tafaǧnī & D/Naẓmī al-Ǧuʿba min Falasṭīn & al-Muhandis/ ʿAbdullah al-ʿAbbādī min al-ʾUrdun, 2015.
-  Kirīzwl, K., al-Waǧīz fī al-ʿimāra al-islāmīya al-mubakkira, Reviewed by: Ǧims Wilsūn, Translated by: ʿAbdullah ʿAlī al-Riḥībī, Hayʾat al-Šāriqa liʾl-aṯār, 2018.
-  al-Kaḥlāwī, Muḥammad Muḥammad, «Maqāṣīr al-ṣalāh fī al-ʿaṣr al-islāmī», The Journal of The Faculty of Archeology, 1989.
-  .........., al-Masǧid al-aqā wa maāir aʿmāl al-tanqīb, The General Union of Arab Archaeologists, 2007.
-  ..........., »Aṯar al-ʿaqīda ʿalā ʿimārat al-masǧid», Maǧallat kullīyat al-adāb, King Saud Universityw 1998.
- ............, Aār Mir al-islāmīya fī nuū al-raḥḥāla al-maġārīya waʾl-adalusayīn, Dār Libnān, 1994.
-  .........., «al-Qiyam al-dīnīya wa aṯaruhā fī taẖṭīṭ ʿimārat al-masāǧid», Buū fī al-aār al-islāmīya fī al-Maġrib waʾl-Andalus, vol.1, Maṭbūʿāt al-aṯārayīn al-ʿarab, 1987.
- ............, «ʾUsus taṣmīm al-masǧid al-nabawī», jugga2 ,  festschrift dedicated to professor ali radwan, spec.isu,2021.
-  Fikrī, Aḥmad, Masāǧid al-Qāhira wa madārisihā (al-Madal), Egypt: Dār al-maʿārif, 1961.
- Ġuša, Muḥammad Hāšim, Tārī al-masǧid al-aqā, Ministry of Culture, 2009.
-  al-ʿIlīīmī, Muǧīr al-Dīn al-Ḥanbalī, al-ʾUns al-ǧalīl bi tārī waʾl-alīl, Reviewed by: Maḥmūd ʿUda, Maktabat dandīs.
- al-ʿAdawī, Ibrāhīm Aḥmad, Nuum al-aāra al-islāmīya.
-  ʿAbd al-Raḥman Fahmī, Faǧr al-sika al-islāmīya, Maṭbaʿat dār al-kutub, 1965.
-  al-ʿArif, ʿArif, Tārī qubbat al-ara waʾl-masǧid al-aqā wa lamʿan tārī al-Quds, Maṭbaʿat maktabat al-andalus, 1959.
- al-Šanqīṭī, Ġālī Muḥammad al-Amīn, al-Dur al-amīn fī maʿālim dār al-Rasūl al-Amīin allā allāh ʿalīh wa sallam, 3th ed., Jeddah: Dār al-qibla liʾl-ṯaqāfa al-islāmīya- Mūʾasasat ʿulūm al-Qurʾān, 1991.
-  Šams al-Dīn al-Siyūṭī, Abī ʿAbdullah Muḥammad bin Šihāb al-Dīn Aḥmad bin ʿAlī bin ʿAbd al-H̱āliq al-Minhāǧī, Itāf al-aẖṣā bi faāʾil al-masǧid al-aqā, al-Qism al-ṯānī, Reviewed by: Aḥmad Ramaḍān Aḥmad, al-Hayʾa al-miṣrīya liʾl-kitāb, 1984.
-  al-Šāfiʿī, Farīd, al-ʿImāra al-ʿarabīya fī Mir al-islāmīya- ʿar al-wūlāh, Ṭ.al-Hayʾa al-miṣrīya al-ʿāmma liʾl-kitāb.
-  Sālim, al-Sayīd ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz, Buyūt Allah masāǧid wa maʿāhid 78, vol.2, Maṭbaʿat al-šaʿb, 1960.
-  al-Rīḥāwī, ʿAbd al-Qādir, al-ʿImāra fī al-aāra al-islāmīya, Ṭabʿat ǧāmiʿat al-malik ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz, 1990.
-  Dalīl al-masǧid al-aqā al-mubārak, Iṣdār al-ṣundūq al-hāšimī li iʿmār al-masǧid al-aqṣā, 2015.
-  H̱isrū ʿAlawī, Nāṣir, Safar nāma, Translated by: Yaḥyā al-H̱aššāb, al-Hayʾa al-miṣrīya al-ʿāmma liʾl-kitāb, 1993.
-  al-H̱arbaṭlī, al-aāra al-ʿarabīya al-islāmīya "aārat al-siyāsa waʾl-idāra waʾl-qaāʾ waʾl-arb waʾl-iǧtimāʿ waʾl-iqtiād waʾl-tarbiya waʾl-taʿlīm waʾl-aqāfa waʾl-funūn", 1sted., Cairo: Maktabat al-ẖānǧī, 1380/ 1960.
-  al-Ḥanbalī, Muǧīr al-Dīn, al-ʾUns al-ǧalay bi tārī al-Quds waʾl-H̱līl, al-Maṭbaʿa al-wahabīya, 1383.
-  Taqrīr laǧnat al-Isīskū al-aārayīn li ʿām 2019.
-  Taqrīr al-iǧtimāʿ al-ṯāmin li laǧnat al-ẖubarāʾ  al-aṯārayīn ḥawl al-intihākāt al-isrāʾīlīya fī muḥīṭ al-masǧid al-aqṣā, Iǧtimāʿ al-Isīskū bi ʿUmān 2015.
-  Tafakǧī, H̱alīl, «al-Istīṭān fī madīnat al-Quds», Dirāsāt wa taqārīr awl al-Quds, 2018.
-  Bahnasī, ʿAfīf, Funūn al-ʿimāra al-islāmīya wa aāʾiuhā fī manāhiǧ al-tadrīs, Manšūrāt al-munaẓẓama al-islāmīya, 2003.
- Ibn ʿAbd Rabbuh al-Andalusī, Aḥmad bin Muḥammad, al-ʿUqd al-farīd, vol.7, Reviewed by: ʿAbd al-Maǧīd al-Tarḥīnī, Beirut: Dār al-kitāb.
- al-Balāḏurī, Abū al-ʿAbbās Aḥmad bin Yaḥyā, Kitāb futū al-buldān, al-Qism al-awwal, Cairo: Maktabat al-nahḍa al-miṣrīya.
 
- al-Bakrī, Abī ʿUbayīd bin ʿAbdullah bin ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz (D: 487A.H), Muʿǧam mā istaʿǧam min asmāʾ al-bilād waʾl-mawāḍiʿ, vol.2,  Reviewed by: Muṣṭafā al-Saqqā, Beirut: ʿālam al-kutub.
-al-Idrīsī, Abī ʿAbdullah Muḥammad bin Muḥammad bin ʿAbdullah bin Idrīs, Nuzhat al-muštāq fī Itirāq al-afāq, vol.1,  Maktabat al-ṯaqāfa al-dīnīya.
-  Abū Šāma, al-Rawatayīn fī abār al-dawlatayīn al-nūrīya waʾl-alāīya, vol.2, Reviewed by: Muḥammad Aḥmad, Ṭabʿat dār al-kitāb, 1962.
- Abū al-Falāḥ, ʿAbd al-Ḥay bin Aḥmad bin Muḥammad bin al-ʿImād al-ʿAkrī al-Ḥanbalī, Šaarāt al-ahab fī abār min dahab, vol.5, Reviewed by: ʿAbd al-Qādir al-Arnāʾūṭ& Maḥmūd al-Arnāʾūṭ, 1986, 121/ 1210.
- Ibn al-Baṭrīq, Iftīšīūs al-Maknī Saʿīd, Kitāb al-tārī al-maǧmūʿʿalā al-taqīq waʾl-tadīq, vol.2,  Beirut: Maṭbaʿat al-abāʾ al-yasūʿayīn, 1905.
foreign references
-Creswell ,K.,A.,C.,  Early Muslim Architecture ,1969.
- Hoggo, E., Visit to Alexandria, Damascus and Jerusalem,  2nd (ed.),2012.   
- Robinson, R., travel along the Mediterranean,  2nd (ed.),.

- Wilson, ch., ordnance survey in Jerusalem, 1865.

- Fergusson,  J., An Essay on the Ancients Topography of Jerusalem, 2005.
- Hamilton, the structural History of the aqsa mosque , 1949.
-Briggis, M., S., Mohammedan Architecture in Egypt and Palestine, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1924.