A Documentary, Architectural and Archaeological Study of the Caravansary of Sultan Al-Ashraf Qaytbay and its annexes in Surujia, Cairo,(Rabee’ al-Awwal, 889 AH : 24 Rabee’ al –Akhir, 890 AH / April 1484 AD : May 10, 1485 AD)

Document Type : Original Article

Author

Lecturer of Islamic Architecture - Faculty of Archeology, Aswan University (EGYPT )

Abstract

This paper aims to study one of the facilities of Sultan Qaytbay, some of whose remains are still standing on Al-Sroujia Street, and which was among the various charitable endowments that the sultan endowed on the Prophet’s Mosque in Medina, the caravanserai or wakalah of Sultan Qaytbay and its annexes, through the book of his endowment preserved in the National Library in Paris. It traces its components and accessories, and finds out what it included in its architectural elements, units and special attachments, and that this wakalah and its attachments came in two separate buildings between a street, It contained some of the distinctive elements that made this place unique from other wakalahes, and some residential rooms were attached to it in several floors. The state you are currently in, where part of its façade and the entrance leading to the wakalah and part of the foundation text above the entrance still remain. In addition, the study aims to track the construction situation of the wakalah and its annexes over the previous time periods to identify the state it has reached at present, as part of its façade and the entrance leading to the wakalah and part of the founding text above the entrance still remain. In addition to parts of the countertops that are consistent with what was mentioned in the endowment book. The study also aims to track the wakalah’s planning and its annexes through the text of the endowment book. Knowing the date of its establishment and endowment, and making a plan for what it was, especially this wakalah did not single out a previous study for it. The study also includes publishing the part of the wekala from the (ketab el wakf), defining its terms and commenting on them and the titles mentioned in them and finding translations for the people in them, in addition to streets, plans, alleys and other terms. In addition to trying to explain the Sultan’s building of the wekala and its annexes in two separate buildings from each other and between them street

Keywords

Main Subjects


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