The effect of humidity on the Islamic archaeological buildings in Cairo and suggested restoration methods

The study deals with the effect of humidity with its different sources on the Islamic archaeological buildings in Cairo and methods of restoration that contribute of reducing the risk of this destructive factor which Cairo suffering from it and shows its impact clearly on the content of archaeological buildings, the study begins with a definition of the term humidity comprehensive sense then review the various sources such as relative humidity and the effect of frequency in rates in the air through the rise and fall where it plays a major role in the damage and the deterioration of monumental buildings and the content of various building materials, and is recognized as the phenomenon of condensation and the resulting physical, chemical and biological destructive effects of different building materials, the study explains the problem of underground water in Cairo as a result of population density and the accompanying expansion of urban steady increase in the loads of the services and facilities, this resulting an increase leaking to the aquifer and the changes in the nature of underground water levels and surface ground water level rates, the salts which holding and biological damage factors, all of this have a bad effect on monumental buildings within the city, the study clarifies sewage problem in the old Cairo as a result of population density in the archaeological areas, the non-renewal of sanitation and drinking water systems and sewage, the sewage water is a major factor in the damage to many of the foundations and walls of  archaeological Islamic buildings, including chemical and biological factors which cause damage of different building materials, the study shows also the problem of rain as a source of humidity and one of  important dangerous damage factors to archaeological buildings.
The study offers a range of solutions and mechanisms that contribute to the prevention and reduction of the seriousness of this factor by presenting the suggested methods of restoration to the problem of humidity through the presentation of the appropriate method for each various sources, and these methods are used and have proven successful in stopping or reducing the risk of various humidity sources, the study includes a collection of tables, photos and diagrams that contribute to show and clarify the subject.
It concludes with a set of search results and general recommendations that are easy to apply in addition to the references that was used in the study.