قائمة المصادر والمراجع
أولاً: المصادر:
اعتمدت الباحثة فى النصوص الیونانیة على الموقع التالى*:
کما اتبعت الباحثة الاختصارات الواردة فى قاموس:
Hornblower (S.) & Spawforth (A.), The Oxford Classical Dictionary, Oxford University Press, 2012.
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Arist. (Aristotle),
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Eth. Nic (Ethica Nicomachea)
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Etym. Magn.
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Etymologicum Magnum
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Hes. (Hesiod),
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Theog. (Theogonia)
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Hsch. (Hesychius)
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Hesychii Alexandrini Lexicon
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Hom. (Homer),
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Il. (Iliad)
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Od. (Odyssey)
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Pl. (Plato),
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Resp. (Respublica)
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Euthphr.(Euthyphro)
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Plut. (Plutarch),
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Mor. (Moralia)
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Lyc. (Lycurgus)
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Xen. (Xenophon),
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An. (Anabasis)
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وقد اعتمدت الباحثة على الموقع التالى بالنسبة للنقوش:
IGI³ = Inscriptiones Graecae: Inscriptiones Atticae Euclidis anno anteriores.
(Attic Inscriptions before the year of Eucleides).
IGII² = Inscriptiones Graecae: Inscriptiones Atticae Euclidis anno posteriors. (Attic Inscriptions after the year of Eucleides).
SEG = Supplementum Epigraphicum Graecum
ثانیا: المراجع الأجنبیة:
- Barfoed, Signe. “The Significant Few: Miniature Pottery from the Sanctuary of Zeus at Olympia”, World Archaeology, 47, 2015, pp. 1–19.
- Brandl, Felix. Von der Entstehung des Geldes zur Sicherung der Währung: Die Theorien von Bernhard Laum und Wilhelm Gerloff zur Genese des Geldes, Springer Verlag, Heidelberg, 2014.
- Burkert, Walter. Greek Religion, Wiley-Blackwell, Harvard University Press, 1985.
- Cook, Robert Manuel. “Speculations on the Origins of Coinage”, Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte, Bd. 7, H. 3 (Jul., 1958), pp. 257-262 .
- Dechelette, Joseph. “The Origins of the Drachm and Obolus”,American Journal of Numismatics Vol. 46, No. 1 (January, 1912), pp. 27-32.
- Einzig, Paul. Primitive Money in its Ethnological, Historical and Economic Aspects. London: Eyre and Spottiswoode, 1966.
- Ekroth, Gunnel. “Blood on The Altars? On the Treatment of Blood at Greek Sacrifices and the Iconographical Evidence”, Antike Kunst, 48. Jahrg., 2005, pp. 9-29.
- --------------, “Meat in Ancient Greece: Sacrificial, Sacred or Secular?”, Food and History, 5, 2007, pp.249-272.
- -------------, “Animal Sacrifice in Antiquity”, in: The Oxford Handbook of Ancient Animals (Oxford Handbooks in Classics and Ancient History), ed. Campbell, Gordon Lindsay, Oxford, 2014, Chapter 20, pp.324-354.
- Flognfeldt, Yngve Thomassen. Sanctuaries and Votive Offerings From the Early Iron Age: A Comparative Study of Votive Offerings from the Eastern Peloponnese, Master`s Thesis in Archaeology, Department of Archaeology, History, Cultural Studies and Religion, University of Bergen, 2009.
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Gastmann, Albert., and MacDonald, Scott. A History of Credit and Power in the Western World, Routledge, London and NewYork, 2017.
- Geva, Benjamin. From Commodity to Currency in Ancient History: On Commerce, Tyranny, and the Modern Law of Money, Osgoode Hall Law Journal, Vol. 25, No. 1,1987.
- Gill, David. “Trapezomata: A Neglected Aspect of Greek Sacrifice”,The Harvard Theological Review, Vol. 67, No. 2 (Apr., 1974), pp. 117-137.
- Grierson, Philip. “The Origins of Money”, Research in Economic Anthropology, 1, 1978, pp.1-35.
- Harrison, Jane Ellen. Prolegomena to the study of Greek Religion, Cambridge University Press, London, 1908.
- Herda, Alexander. “How to Run a State Cult: The Organisation of the Cult of Apollo Delphinios in Miletos”, in: Current approaches to religion in ancient Greece, An International Symposium, Swedish Institute/British School at Athens, 17th–19th April 2008, eds. Haysom, Matthew and Wallensten, Jenny, Athens, 2011, pp. 57–93.
- Hirschberger, Martina. The Fate of Achilles in the Iliad, in: Homeric Contexts: Neoanalysis and the Interpretation of Oral Poetry, Ed. by: Montanari, Franco, Rengakos, Antonios, and Tsagalis, Christos, Berlin and Boston: De Gruyter, 2012.
- Kailey, Francis Louis. "Extraordinary Episodes of Ancient Money", Honors Theses, 2018. Aailable at:
- Kraay, Colin. “Hoards, Small Change and the Origin of Coinage”, The Journal of Hellenic Studies, Vol. 84, 1964, pp. 76-91.
- Lafli, Ergün. “An introduction to Lydian studies: Editorial remarks to the abstract booklet of the Lydia Symposium”, in: Archaeology and history of Lydia from the early Lydian period to late antiquity (8th century B.C.-6th century A.D.),An international symposium, Izmir, Turkey, 2017, pp.19-21.
- Laum, Bernhard. Heiliges Geld: Eine Historishe Untersuchung über den Sakralen Ursprung des Geldes. Tübingen: Verlag von J.C.B.Mohr, 1924.
- Martin, Thomas. “Why did the Greek Polis Originally Need Coins?,” Historia Zeitschrift fur alte Geschichte, 45, no. 3,1996, pp. 257–283.
- Menger, Carl. “On the Origin of Money”, The Economic Journal, Vol. 2, No. 6. (Jun., 1892), pp. 239-255.
- ---------------, Principles of Economics, Trans. By Dingwall, H and Hoselitz, B.F, New York and London: New York University Press, 1871.
- Orfanou, Stavriani. Early Iron Age Greek copper-based technology: votive offerings from Thessaly, PhD Thesis, University College London (Institute of Archaeology), 2015.
- Pafford, Isabelle Ann. Cult fees and the ritual of money in Greek sanctuaries of the Classical and Hellenistic period, PhD dissertation, University of California, Berkeley, 2006.
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Parise, Nicola. La Nascita della Moneta: Segni Premonetari e Forme Arcaiche dello Scambio,
Donzelli, Roma, 2000.
- Pilz, Oliver. “The Uses of Small Things and the Semiotics of Greek Miniature Objects”, Pallas, No. 86, 2011, pp. 15-30.
- Pomeroy, Sarah., et al., A Brief History of Ancient Greece: Politics, Society, and Culture, New York, Oxford, Oxford Univ. Press, 2004.
- Pryor, Frederic. “The Origins of Money”, Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Vol. 9, No. 3 (Aug., 1977), pp. 391-409.
- Reden, Sitta Von. “Money, Law and Exchange: Coinage in the Greek Polis,”The Journal of Hellenic Studies, Vol. 117 (1997), pp. 154-176.
- Ridgeway, William. The Origin of Metallic Currency and Weight Standards, Cambridge: At the University Press, 1892.
- Seaford, Richard. Money and the Early Greek Mind: Homer, Philosophy, Tragedy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004.
- Semenova, Alla. “Would You Barter with God? Why Holy Debts and Not Profane Markets Created Money”, American Journal of Economics and Sociology, Vol. 70, No. 2, 2011, pp. 376-400.
- ----------------, The Origins of Money: Evaluating Chartalist and Metallist Theories in the Context of Ancient Greece and Mesopotamia, PhD dissert. University of Missouri - Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, 2011.
- Tsoukala, Victoria. “Honorary Shares of Sacrificial Meat in Attic Vase Painting: Visual Signs of Distinction and Civic Identity”,Hesperia: The Journal of the American School of Classical Studies at Athens, Vol. 78, No. 1 (Jan. - Mar., 2009), pp. 1-40.
- Węcowski, Marek.“Can Zeus be deceived?” The Mekone Episode (Hes. theog. 535–561) between Theodicy and Power-Politics”, Klio: Beiträge zur alten Geschichte, Vol. 94, Issue 1, 2012, pp. 45–54.
ثالثا: المراجع العربیة:
- هومیروس، الإلیاذة، تحریر ومراجعة، مقدمة، معجم أسطورى وکشاف: عتمان، أحمد. شارک معه فى الترجمة: عبد الوهاب یحى، لطفى. ، عبد السلام البراوى، السید. ، کروان،
منیرة.. [و آخ]، المجلس الأعلى للثقافة، القاهرة، 2004.
- حامد، محمود. الاقتصاد الکلى، دار حمیثرا للنشر والترجمة، القاهرة، 2017.
رابعا: المواقع الإلکترونیة الأجنبیة:
خامسا: القـوامــیـــس:
- Liddell, Henry., Scott, Robert., and Jones, Henry Stuart. A Greek- English Lexicon, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1996.
* تجدر الإشارة إلى أن الباحثة اعتمدت فى ترجمة الإلیاذة على : هومیروس، الإلیاذة، تحریر ومراجعة، مقدمة، معجم أسطورى وکشاف: عتمان، أحمد. المجلس الأعلى للثقافة، القاهرة، 2004. أما بالنسبة لترجمة النصوص الأخرى فهى من ترجمة الباحثة.
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