Alatam (forts) south of Taif "Archaeological study of architectural"

Document Type : Original Article

Author

Professor of Islamic Archeology - Faculty of Archeology - Cairo University (Egypt)

Abstract


Interested in this research study Alatam "forts" in southern Taif Building, where the researcher studying the thirteen Otma "fortress" survived a field study extends geographically from Taif north to the area of ​​Bani Saad, a distance of about 80 km, this Alatam distributed at varying distances, and in accordance with As imposed by geographic region.
The researcher recording, documenting, and analyze its inclusion this style of defense installations of units and architectural elements, in addition to shedding light on the factors affecting the architecture of this type of buildings tower south of Taif, and the statement of the importance of and the reasons for building this Alatam and locations, with a rating clearly schemes the remaining models in the region under study architecture after lifting her, and left untouched from the architectural elements and functional.
The study concluded to a range of outcomes, including:
Most of Atam (forts) south of Taif subject of the study was built according to the two types main match two decks in terms of planning: First, from a square or rectangular divided into a hall or halls lead by Asttrac, the second mode: from a square or rectangular is divided from the inside, and includes every few models pattern.
- The study showed that the size and space Alotm building linked by location, and lock it from the population centers and tribes and distributed to residential areas.
-The study confirmed that it took into account in the construction of this style of defense and engineering buildings on geographical grounds ultra-fine to meet the jobs that you do, especially security and defense jobs.
-The study showed the multiplicity of communication and movement elements in Atam (Atam) Taif, the most important of which entrances, and the element of the stairs, and openings of various kinds.
- The study demonstrated that Otam "fortresses" south of Taif subject of the study of which is the collective facilities to ensure members of the tribe or clan or abdominal attacks of enemies, some of which is individual facilities to ensure the availability of a person's privacy for him and his property, and reflect social status.
- The study demonstrated that Atam south of Taif subject of the study were used temporarily for a period not long

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References

al-Thenayian, Mohammed Bin A.Rashed, An Archaeological Study of the Yemeni Highland Pilgrim Route Between San̓ A̓ And Makkah, published by: Deputy Ministry of Antiquities and Museums, Riyadh, first Edition, 1420 H̸̸ 2000, 
Lippens. Expedition En Arabie, central paris, Adrien M,A,I,Sonneyvi,1956
Doughty, Charles Montague,Travels in Arabia Deserta, Gloncester Mass., peter Smith, 1968
Burckhardt, Johan Ludwig, Travel in Arabia, Frank Cass: co. Itd., 1968
Hardesty, D, Ecological Anthropology. J.Wiley, New York, 1977

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