Skin, water-skin, water-pouches, water-bags, water-bladders, bota-bags, Colambre

Document Type : Original Article

Abstract

Water skin in ancient Egypt is considered one of the important topics Which was not popular among scientists and researchers .It is one of the topics that still needs further study and research, especially with regard to its names and linguistic meanings.. As well as its origin and stages of development, what the leather is made of and the method of manufacture, the different ways of its carrying, hanging and transport, The aspects of their use and the quality of the materials preserved in them, and their secular and religious role in ancient Egypt.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

  Barry, K. J., Ancient Egypt: Anatomy of a Civilization, 2nd ed., Taylor & Francis Routledge, London – New York, 2006.
-      Blackman, M. A., The Rock Tombs of Meir, Part. 1: The Tomb – Chapel of Ukh-Hotep Son Senbi, London, 1914.
-      Booth, Ch., People of ancient Egypt, Tempus, 2007.
 
-      Breasted, J. H., Ancient Records of Egypt, Vols. I, III, Chicago, 1906.
-      Budge, E. A. W., An Egyptian Hieroglyphic Dictionary, Vol. 1, London, 1920.
-      --------------------, A Vocabulary in Hieroglyphic to the Theban Recession of the Book of the Dead, London, 1898.
 
-      --------------------, The Book of the Dead, London, 1898.
 
-     Colambre”, in: Diccionario de la Real Academia Española de la Lengua. Voz: http://dle.rae.es/?id=AoDZq2Y
 
-      Erman, A. & Grapow, H., Wörterbuch der Aegyptischen Sprache, 7 vol., Berlin, 1971.
 
-      Erman, A., Life in Ancient Egypt, Translated by: H. M. Tirard, Dover Publication INC., New-York, 1971.
-      Firth, C. & Quibell, J. E., The Step Pyramid II, Cairo, 1935.
-      Gardiner, A., "Horus the Beḥdetite." JEA 30, 1, 1944, pp. 23 – 60. 
-      Gardiner, A., Egyptian Grammar: Being an Introduction to the Study of Hieroglyphs, Third edition, Revised, Oxford: Griffith Institute, 1957. 
-      Gromer, K.; Russ-popa, G. & Sallari, K., “Products of Animal Skin from Antiquity to the medieval Period”, in: Naturhistorische Museum Wien, Serie A, 119, Weisbaden, 2017, pp. 69-93.
-      Janick, J., Ancient Egyptian Agriculture and the Origins of Horticulture, USA, 2002.
-      Kamrin, J., “The Aamu of Shu in the Tomb of Khnumhotep II at Beni Hassan”, in: JAEI, Vol. 1:3, 2009, pp. 22–36 in: http://jaei.library.arizona.edu. 
-      Lacovara, P., The World of Ancient Egypt: A Daily Life Encyclopedia, vol. 2, London, 2017.
-      Logan, T. J., "The Origins of the Jmy-wt Fetish". JARCE 27, 1990, pp. 61 – 69.
-      Maspero, G., Everyday Life in Ancient Egypt and Assyria, Routlege, Canada, 2003.
-      Newberry, P. E., Bani Hassan, Vols. I- II: London, 1893.
-      Nicholson, P. T., Shaw, I., Ancient Egyptian Materials and Technology, Cambridge University Press, 2000.
-      Sethe, K., Altaegyptischen Pyramidentexte, Bands I - II, Leipzig, 1908 – 10.
 -      Staley P. S., Phillips J. L., Clark J. D., “Interpretations of Prehistoric Technology from Ancient Egyptian and other Sources, Part I: Ancient Egyptian Bows and Arrows and their relevance for African Prehistory”, in: Paléorient, vol. 2, n°2: 1974.
-      Wilson, J. A., ‏The Culture of Ancient Egypt, Chicago – London, 1951.
-      Wilkinson, J. G., A Popular Account of the Ancient Egyptians, Vol. 1, John Murray, London, 1854.
-      --------------------, The Manners and Customs of the Ancient Egyptians, Volume II, New York, Scribner and Welford, 1879.
-      --------------------, Modern Egypt and Thebes, Cambridge University Press, 2013
-      Winterbottom, S., “The Leather Objects”, in: BIFAO 90, 1990, pp. 78-81.
 
ثالثاً: برامج اللغة المصریة القدیمة:
 
-         Jsesh Program, Version: 5. 6.
 
رابعاً: المواقع الألکترونیة:-
 
- http://jaei.library.arizona.edu-
 
- http://dle.rae.es/?id=AoDZq2Y
 
-     www.mba-lyon.fr
Thesis, Faculty of Arts, Alexandria University, 2017 CE.
-         رضا علی السید عطاالله: "الأداة "واس" wAs ودورها الدنیوی والدینی فی مصر القدیمة"، فی: مجلة کلیة الآداب، جامعة الإسکندریة، العدد 97، 2019 م، صـ صـ 337 – 373.
-         رضا علی السید عطاالله: "قربة () “Imj-wt” ودورها فی عقیدة المصری القدیم"، المؤتمر الدولی الثانی والعشرین للأتحاد العام للآثاریین العرب، الشیخ زاید، فی الفترة من: 9-10 نوفمبر 2019 م.
-       فلندرز بتری، حضارة مصر القدیمة، صـ 196.
ثانیاً: المراجع الأجنبیة:-
-      Barry, K. J., Ancient Egypt: Anatomy of a Civilization, 2nd ed., Taylor & Francis Routledge, London – New York, 2006.
-      Blackman, M. A., The Rock Tombs of Meir, Part. 1: The Tomb – Chapel of Ukh-Hotep Son Senbi, London, 1914.
-      Booth, Ch., People of ancient Egypt, Tempus, 2007.
-      Breasted, J. H., Ancient Records of Egypt, Vols. I, III, Chicago, 1906.
-      Budge, E. A. W., An Egyptian Hieroglyphic Dictionary, Vol. 1, London, 1920.
-      --------------------, A Vocabulary in Hieroglyphic to the Theban Recession of the Book of the Dead, London, 1898.
-      --------------------, The Book of the Dead, London, 1898.
-     Colambre”, in: Diccionario de la Real Academia Española de la Lengua. Voz: http://dle.rae.es/?id=AoDZq2Y
-      Erman, A. & Grapow, H., Wörterbuch der Aegyptischen Sprache, 7 vol., Berlin, 1971.
-      Erman, A., Life in Ancient Egypt, Translated by: H. M. Tirard, Dover Publication INC., New-York, 1971.
-      Firth, C. & Quibell, J. E., The Step Pyramid II, Cairo, 1935.
-      Gardiner, A., "Horus the Beḥdetite." JEA 30, 1, 1944, pp. 23 – 60.
-      Gardiner, A., Egyptian Grammar: Being an Introduction to the Study of Hieroglyphs, Third edition, Revised, Oxford: Griffith Institute, 1957.
-      Gromer, K.; Russ-popa, G. & Sallari, K., “Products of Animal Skin from Antiquity to the medieval Period”, in: Naturhistorische Museum Wien, Serie A, 119, Weisbaden, 2017, pp. 69-93.
-      Janick, J., Ancient Egyptian Agriculture and the Origins of Horticulture, USA, 2002.
-      Kamrin, J., “The Aamu of Shu in the Tomb of Khnumhotep II at Beni Hassan”, in: JAEI, Vol. 1:3, 2009, pp. 22–36 in: http://jaei.library.arizona.edu.
-      Lacovara, P., The World of Ancient Egypt: A Daily Life Encyclopedia, vol. 2, London, 2017.
-      Logan, T. J., "The Origins of the Jmy-wt Fetish". JARCE 27, 1990, pp. 61 – 69.
-      Maspero, G., Everyday Life in Ancient Egypt and Assyria, Routlege, Canada, 2003.
-      Newberry, P. E., Bani Hassan, Vols. I- II: London, 1893.
-      Nicholson, P. T., Shaw, I., Ancient Egyptian Materials and Technology, Cambridge University Press, 2000.
-      Sethe, K., Altaegyptischen Pyramidentexte, Bands I - II, Leipzig, 1908 – 10.
-      Staley P. S., Phillips J. L., Clark J. D., “Interpretations of Prehistoric Technology from Ancient Egyptian and other Sources, Part I: Ancient Egyptian Bows and Arrows and their relevance for African Prehistory”, in: Paléorient, vol. 2, n°2: 1974.
-      Wilson, J. A., ‏The Culture of Ancient Egypt, Chicago – London, 1951.
-      Wilkinson, J. G., A Popular Account of the Ancient Egyptians, Vol. 1, John Murray, London, 1854.
- --------------------, The Manners and Customs of the Ancient Egyptians, Volume II, New York, Scribner and Welford, 1879.
--------------------, Modern Egypt and Thebes, Cambridge University Press, 2013
- Winterbottom, S., “The Leather Objects”, in: BIFAO 90, 1990, pp. 78-81.
Third: Old Egyptian Language Programs:
- Jsesh Program, Version: 5.6.
Fourth: Websites: -
- http: //jaei.library.arizona.edu-
- http://dle.rae.es/?id=AoDZq2Y
-     www.mba-lyon.fr
 

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